半干旱地区玉米种植模式与土壤肥力响应分析  

Corn response to sowing mode and soil fertility in an arid area

作　　者：王卓[1] 李志伟[1] 王树彦[1] 胡杨 张贵华 张陈 马立晓[1] 姚丽君 WANG Zhuo;LI Zhiwei;WANG Shuyan;HU Yang;ZHANG Guihua;ZHANG Chen;MA Lixiao;YAO Lijun(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;The Nature Conservancy(USA) Beijing Representative Office,Beijing 100600,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]大自然保护协会(美国)北京代表处,北京100600

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2019年第2期1-5,共5页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：美国大自然保护协会(TNC)资助项目;内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2017MS0346);内蒙古农业大学大学生科技创新基金项目(DC201503)

摘　　要：为了探讨可持续的旱作农业生产模式,进行了旱作玉米种植试验,分析了采用全膜覆盖双垄沟播、无膜覆盖双垄沟播、全膜覆盖与黑豆间作双垄沟播、生态有机无膜覆盖双垄沟播(对照)4种种植模式的玉米产量及农艺性状表现,评估种植前后的土壤肥力变化。种植模式结果表明:全膜覆盖双垄沟播使玉米的生育节点提前,明显缩短了玉米的生育期;全膜覆盖双垄沟播模式玉米产量显著高于其他种植模式,各种植模式下玉米产量由高到低的顺序:全膜覆盖双垄沟播>生态有机无膜覆盖双垄沟播>无膜覆盖双垄沟播>全膜覆盖双垄间作;全膜覆盖双垄沟播玉米植株整体性状优于无膜覆盖双垄沟播,植株穗行数和行粒数在2种种植模式下差异达到显著水平。春季和秋季土壤肥力测定结果表明:土壤碱解氮含量差异显著,秋季低于春季本底水平;在4个处理间,全膜覆盖双垄沟播、无膜覆盖双垄沟播、生态有机无膜覆盖双垄沟播以及全膜覆盖与黑豆间作双垄沟播的春季和秋季土壤速效磷以及全磷含量差异显著,但秋季全磷含量高于春季水平,而秋季速效磷含量低于春季水平;在4个处理间,全膜覆盖双垄沟播、无膜覆盖双垄沟播、生态有机无膜覆盖双垄沟播以及全膜覆盖双垄间作的春季和秋季土壤速效钾含量差异显著,秋季低于春季本底水平。To explore sustainable sowing practices for corn in arid areas,corn was sown using four cultivation modes:(1)double ridge/mulching with plastic film/furrow sowing(DRMF),(2)double ridge/no mulching/furrow sowing(DRNF),(3)double ridge/mulching with plastic film/furrow sowing/intercropping with soybean(DRMFI),and (4)the ecological organic double ridge/no mulching/furrow sowing(EODRNF).The yield and agronomic traits of corn were compared under the different sowing modes.It was found that the growth period was shorter in the DRMF mode than in the DRNF mode.The yield of DRMF was significantly higher than the other modes.The yield of corn was in the order DRMF>EODRNF>DRNF>DRMFI.There was a significant difference between the row number and kernels per row between the DRWF and the DRNF.Soil sampling and analysis in spring and autumn showed that the content of alkali extractable and N in autumn was lower than in spring.The content of total P was higher in autumn than spring,while available P was lower in autumn.Significant differences in total P and available P occurred between treatments.Available K was lower in autumn than spring and there were significant differences between the treatments.

关 键 词：玉米 高产旱作 全膜覆盖双垄沟播 土壤肥力 种植模式 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]