内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区猞猁食物构成初步分析  

Preliminary Analysis on the Diet Composition of Eurasian Lynx at Saihanwula National Nature Reserve

作　　者：唐书培 姜秀丽 章庚 张静 孟和达来 韩莹莹[1] 鲍伟东[1] TANG Shu-Pei;JIANG Xiu-Li;ZHANG Geng;ZHANG Jing;Menghedalai;HAN Ying-Ying;BAO Wei-Dong(College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Saihanwula National Nature Reserve Administration,Daban 025150,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区管理局,大板025150

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2019年第2期151-158,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30570305)

摘　　要：猞猁(Lynxlynx)是内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区内的顶级捕食者,在维持该地区生态平衡和调节猎物数量上具有重要地位。分析猞猁粪便样品残留物不仅能明确其猎物构成,了解与同域分布其他捕食者的关系,还能为制定物种保护措施和栖息地管理策略提供科学参考。本研究在2006至2008年间利用样线法在该区域收集到35份猞猁粪便样品。通过相对出现频率法对粪样进行食性分析,发现猞猁的主要食物组成以蒙古兔(Lepus tolai,30.85%)和植物(28.72%)较多;年度(χ~2=18.696,P <0.001)和季节性(χ~2=74.695,P <0.001)食物构成均存在显著差异。结果表明,蒙古兔在猞猁的食物组成中占最重要地位;猞猁的食物构成与季节有关,寒冷季节捕食大型猎物,而温暖季节捕食的小型猎物更常见。The Eurasian Lynx(Lynx lynx)is the top predator at Saihanwula Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia,which functioned as the major controller on prey abundance and community composition for the regional wild animal ecological balance.Study on the fecal residue of the lynx could reveal the food components and understanding the prey sharing mechanism with other sympatric carnivores.Moreover,this baseline information will provide references for endangered species conservation and habitat management in the reserve.In this study we collected 35 lynx scats by line transact sampling within the nature reserve from2006 to 2008,and the relative occurrence frequency index was used to compare the food components(Fig.1).The hare(30.85%)and plants(28.72%)occurred mostly in the scats,while the frequency of each food items varied annual(χ^2=18.696,P<0.001)and seasonal(χ^2=74.695,P<0.001,Table 1 and 2).Hare played a crucial role in lynx food spectrum at the study area.The lynx is an opportunistic predator who captures on large size prey more often in the cold season while feeds on small size prey frequently in the warm season.

关 键 词：猞猁 食物构成 同域分布捕食者 食物生态位 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]