卫星跟踪中蒙之间秃鹫春季迁徙路线及活动区域  

Spring Migration Routes and Home Range of Two Cinereous Vultures Aegypius monachus between China and Mongolia by Satellite Tracking

作　　者：张延君 贾茹 孟维悦 陈丽霞[1] 杨彧 肖景贵 张国钢[1] 陆军[1] 孟德荣[3] ZHANG Yan-Jun;JIA Ru;MENG Wei-Yue;CHEN Li-Xia;YANG Yu;XIAO Jing-Gui;ZHANG Guo-Gang;LU Jun;MENG De-Rong(Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration,National Bird Banding Center of China,The Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,The Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;Qinhuangdao Wildlife Rescue Center,Qinhuangdao 066100;Changzhou Normal University,Changzhou 061000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所全国鸟类环志中心国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091 [2]中国野生动物保护协会秦皇岛野生动物救护中心,秦皇岛066100 [3]沧州师范学院,沧州061000

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2019年第2期159-164,共6页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家林业和草原局野生动物疫病监测与预警系统维护项目

摘　　要：秃鹫(Aegypius monachus)被世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)列为近危物种。每年冬季或者早春在渤海湾都会救护到因体质较弱而无法飞行的秃鹫,为了对秃鹫及其迁徙路线进行更有效的保护,于2016年春季对两只救护放飞秃鹫(ID1051和ID2016),利用卫星跟踪技术研究其迁徙路线和活动区,旨在为秃鹫的救护和保护提供基础资料。结果表明,ID1051和ID2016都迁徙到蒙古国的布尔干省和后杭爱省交界处,行程分别为2 200 km和2 400 km。ID2016在度夏初期、中期和后期的活动区面积(50%Fixed Kernel),分别为31 261.01km^2、1 492.96 km2和11 027.70 km^2。秃鹫在迁徙过程中主要时间在静息,其次是飞行和寻觅行为。在0至7时和19至24时,即晨昏和夜间秃鹫都处于静止状态。从8时开始,秃鹫开始活动,并在12和13时达到活动高峰,随后活动逐渐趋缓,直至18时趋于静止状态。本文提供了秃鹫的春季迁徙路线以及重要中途停歇地,为秃鹫的救护和保护提供了基础资料。The Cinereous Vulture(Aegypius monachus)is listed as a Near-Threatened species by IUCN.Each year in winter or early spring,a few weak or poisoned vultures were rescued in Bohai Bay area.In the spring of 2016,two rescued vultures(ID2016 and ID1051,basic information shown in Table 1)were equipped with satellite transmitter and their migratory routes and home ranges were analyzed,aiming to provide more effective conservation measures.The two vultures migrated to the border of Bulgan and Arkhangai Province of Mongolia,and travelled about 2 200-2 400 km from wintering to summering area(Fig.1).The home range sizes(50% Fixed Kernel)in the early,middle and late summer of the ID2016 were 31 261.01 km^2,1 492.96 km^2 and 11 027.70 km^2 respectively(Fig.2).During migration,the vultures spent a majority of their time in the process of resting,followed by flying and feeding behaviors.They normally started to move around 8:00,reached the activity peak around 12:00 to 13:00,then gradually slowed down until 18:00 to be stable.This study provided a complete spring migration routes and important stopover sites for the Cinereous Vultures,and it was the baseline for the rescuing and protection of the vultures.

关 键 词：秃鹫 迁徙路线 活动区 卫星跟踪 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]