格尔木河流域地下水生态功能及经济损益阈值解析  

Groundwater ecological function and economic profit and loss threshold in Golmud River Catchment

作　　者：黄金廷[1] 崔旭东[1] 王冬[1] 刘文辉 刘向敏[2] 袁立 马日新 魏超 HUANG Jin-ting;CUI Xu-dong;WANG Dong;LIU Wen-hui;LIU Xiang-min;YUAN Li;MA Ri-xin;WEI Chao(Xi yan Geological Survey, CGS, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China;Chinese Academy of Land & Resource Economics, Beijing 101149, China;211 Filiate, Sino Shaanxi Nuclear Industry Group, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China;Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710054 [2]中国国土资源经济研究院,北京101149 [3]中陕核工业集团二一一大队有限公司,陕西西安710024 [4]西安科技大学,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2019年第2期263-270,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国土资源调查项目(DD20160332);国家自然科学基金(41672250);陕西省自然科学基金(2015KJXX-69);中央高校基础研究项目(310829171111)资助

摘　　要：为保护西北地区地下水资源和脆弱的生态环境,亟待开展地下水合理开发利用研究。在分析格尔木河流域水文地质条件、环境地质问题基础上,采用遥感解译、野外调查和地下水动态监测的方法,界定了地下水的生态功能及阈值,即维系植被生态地下水埋深为0.5～10 m、减轻盐渍化程度的地下水埋深应大于3 m、减轻城市内涝的地下库容应大于3.42×10~8 m^3、维系达布逊湖面积的入湖流量应大于2.82×10~8 m^3·a^(-1)。基于格尔木河流域生态系统服务价值构成,得到减轻城市内涝及减缓盐渍化程度的环境正效益值分别为8 000×10~4元·km^(-2)和163×10~4元·km^(-2);地下水的不合理开发利用导致植被退化、河湖面积萎缩的环境负效益值分别为191元·km^(-2)和1 032元·km^(-2)。研究成果可为流域内地下水资源开发利用和生态环境保护提供科学依据,同时也可为西北其他内陆河流域地下水合理开发利用提供借鉴依据。Groundwater is an important water source for sustaining the survival of mankind,the ecological health and socio-economic development in northwest inland,China.However,the local ecosystem is fragile in those regions.To protect groundwater resources and ecosystem,it needs to study the rational development and utilization of groundwater.Base on the analysis of hydrogeological feature and environmental problems,the paper clarified the groundwater ecological function and its threshold using remote sensing technology,field survey and groundwater monitor approach in Golmud River catchment Qinghai Province,China.The results showed that the reasonable groundwater depth should be in the range from 0.5 to 10 m for the survival of plants,and lager than 3 m for alleviation of salty soil.To prevent the city from waterlogging,the ground reservoir should larger than 3.42×10^8 m^3.And it also needs more than 2.82×10^8 m^3 water volume flowing into the lake per year to maintain Dabuxu Lake area.According to the ecosystem services economic contributions,it found that the profit would be 80 million Yuan and 1.63 million Yuan per square kilometer for the city waterlogging prevention and salty soil alleviation,respectively.On the contrary,the loss would be 1.91 million Yuan per square kilometer and 10.32 million Yuan per square kilometer because of vegetation degeneration and lake area shrinkage.The research results provided useful information to support groundwater sustainable use and ecosystem protection for Golmud River catchment.Meanwhile,it can be used as reference for groundwater utilization in other catchments in northern China.

关 键 词：地下水生态功能 环境损益 格尔木河流域 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] X143[天文地球—地质学]