新型毒品与传统毒品滥用者接受艾滋病干预服务的差异  

Differences in access to HIV intervention services between club drug users and traditional drug users

作　　者：李婕[1] 李怡[1] 梁军[1] 胡斌[1] 赵山平[1] 张婉筠[1] 廖斌[1] LI Jie;LI Yi;LIANG Jun;HU Bin;ZHAO Shanping;ZHANG Wanyun;LIAO Bin(Department of HIV/ STDs Prevention and Control, Kunming Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Kunmirig 650228 , China)

机构地区：[1]昆明市疾病预防控制中心,昆明650228

出　　处：《中国艾滋病性病》2019年第3期268-272,共5页Chinese Journal of Aids & STD

摘　　要：目的比较新型毒品与传统毒品滥用者的特征和干预现状,分析与接受干预相关的因素。方法采用一对一结构问卷对云南省女子戒毒所和昆明市戒毒所新入所者进行横断面调查并检测艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体。结果研究共调查1 448人,其中女性350人,新型毒品滥用者268人,传统毒品滥用者1 180人。新型毒品与传统毒品滥用者的主要区别为:年龄较小(≤30岁:67.5%vs. 34.1%,>40岁:6.0%vs. 34.0%,P<0.001)、女性更多(38.4%vs. 20.9%,P<0.001)、既往羁押较少(48.1%vs. 77.2%,P<0.001)、曾接受干预比例较低(38.1%vs. 55.2%;P<0.001)、知晓HIV感染者占比低(20.4%vs. 31.8%;P<0.001)、最感兴趣干预服务为HIV咨询与检测(56.7%)。与新型毒品滥用者接受干预服务相关的因素为吸毒时间长[比值比(OR)=6.3 (1.3～29.8),>10 vs.≤3年]、首次使用新型毒品的年龄大[OR=10.1 (1.9～53.7),≥35 vs.<24岁]。结论新型毒品滥用者更年轻,被现有干预网络覆盖概率低,普遍不知晓自身HIV感染状况,可能存在信息传播与服务提供盲区。亟须从该群体关注点出发,结合人群特点,多方联合,探索有效扩大干预覆盖面的措施,及时发现并控制该群体的HIV流行。Objective To compare different characteristics in access to intervention services between club drug users and traditional drug users, and to know the factors that associated with HIV intervention services. Methods A face-to-face structure questionnaire-based interview was conducted in Yunnan provincial female detoxification center and Kunming municipal detoxification center, with blood samples collected for HIV sero-antibody tested. Results Of 1 448 drug users interviewed, there were 350 women, 268 club drug users and 1 180 traditional drug users. The main differences between club drug and traditional drug users were that the former group had young age(≤30 years old: 67.5% vs. 34.1%;>40 years old: 6.0% vs. 34.0%;P<0.001), more women(38.4% vs. 20.9%;P<0.001), lower rate of those previously detained(48.1% vs. 77.2%;P<0.001), lower rate of those receiving HIV intervention services(38.1% vs. 55.2%;P<0.001), low awareness rate of HIV infection(20.4% vs. 31.8%;P<0.001), and HIV counselling and testing that club drug users were most interested in(56.7% vs.44.5%;P=0.002). Factors associated with HIV intervention services were a long history of drug use[OR=6.3(1.3-29.8);>10 vs.≤3 years], and older age of the first club drug use[OR=10.1(1.9-53.7);≥35 vs.<24 years]. Conclusion Compared with traditional drug users, club drug users are younger, less accessible to HIV intervention services, unaware of HIV infection, lack of knowledge and information to access to HIV intervention services. It is necessary to explore measures to expand HIV intervention coverage, and to control HIV infection among drug users based on their characteristics.

关 键 词：艾滋病 新型毒品 干预服务 毒品滥用 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]