城市地面对大气污染贡献的计算与分析——以保定市主城区为例  

CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF CONTRIBUTION OF URBAN GROUND TO AIR POLLUTION: A CASE STUDY ON MAIN URBAN AREA OF BAODING,CHINA

作　　者：安丽娜 赵文廷 杜哲 AN Li-na;ZHAO Wen-ting;DU Zhe(College of Land and Resources, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China;Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecology in Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China;Baoding Academy of Ecological Civilization in Hebei, Baoding 071000, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学国土资源学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北省农田生态重点实验室,河北保定071000 [3]河北保定生态文明研究院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《环境工程》2019年第3期132-135,173,共5页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41675151);河北省重点科技支撑项目(12235401)

摘　　要：固体地球对大气的净化能力主要受地面透气和透水性能的影响。以气体和水循环理论为基础,改进大气污染箱式模型,通过不同地面类型的透气、透水性试验,计算和分析了保定市主城区地面对大气污染的贡献。结果表明:城市房屋建设和地面硬化阻隔了大气与固体地球之间的气和水循环,降低了固体地球对大气的净化能力。保定市主城区混凝土地面和房屋覆盖区地面共占84. 6%,与裸地、水域、草地、林地相比,城市地面气体通量分别降低了82. 1%、81. 9%、83. 0%、84. 2%;水的入渗通量分别降低了84. 6%、0. 0%、84. 6%、84. 6%;水的蒸发通量分别降低了82. 9%、81. 5%、82. 4%、81. 8%。因此,地面类型变化使保定市主城区固体地球对大气的净化能力也相应降低了81. 5%～84. 6%。由此可见,改善城市地面透气和透水性是大气污染防治新途径。The ability of the solid earth to purify the atmosphere is mainly affected by the air and water permeability performance of the ground. Based on the theory of gas and water circulation,the box model of atmospheric pollution was improved,and the contribution of the main urban area of Baoding to atmospheric pollution was calculated and analyzed through air/water permeability tests of different ground types in the paper. The results showed that urban housing construction and ground hardening blocked the air and water circulation between the atmosphere and the solid earth,and reduced the purification capacity of the solid earth to the atmosphere. The concrete ground and the housing covered ground constituted84. 6% of the main urban area of Baoding. Compared with bare land,water area,grassland and woodland,the gas flux of urban surface decreased by 82. 1%,81. 9%,83. 0% and 84. 2%;the water infiltration flux decreased by 84. 6%,0. 0%,84. 6% and 84. 6%;the water evaporation flux decreased by 82. 9%,81. 5%,82. 4% and 81. 8% respectively. Therefore,the change of surface types reduced the purification capacity of the solid earth to the atmosphere by 81. 5%~ 84. 6% in the main urban area of Baoding. It showed that improving air/water permeability of the city ground was an novel way to prevent and control the atmospheric pollution.

关 键 词：大气污染 贡献 地质循环 水文循环 箱式模型 地面类型 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]