从简单句关系化的最初习得到名词短语可及性等级的解释维度  

From the initial acquisition of relativization of simple sentences to the interpretive approach of Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy

作　　者：张云秋[1] 李若凡 ZHANG Yunqiu;LI Ruofan(School of Literature,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;School of Preparatory Education,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学 [2]北京语言大学

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2019年第2期285-297,F0003,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

摘　　要：本研究通过儿童最初习得简单句关系化的特征探讨关系从句蕴含共性的解释维度,同时也解释儿童习得特征的制约因素。根据Keenan & Comrie(1977)提出的简单句关系化蕴含共性,儿童在最初习得简单句关系化时优先习得主语关系从句,后习得宾语关系从句,之后再习得旁语关系从句,但跨语言儿童最初习得关系从句类型的特征却不支持这个蕴含共性。虽然英语类语言儿童无论产出还是实验数据都显示主语关系从句的习得明显早于宾语关系从句,但本研究中汉语儿童的产出和实验数据都表明,汉语儿童首先习得宾语关系从句,然后习得主语关系从句。我们根据陆丙甫(2005a, b)提出的解释语序的两个认知功能原则预测了各种语序不同的语言提取主语和宾语的可及性,认为应该根据关系从句的位置特征和S、V、O的语序特征把名词短语可及性等级进一步细化为两条原则,细化后的名词短语可及性等级一方面可以解释汉语儿童和英语类儿童关系从句的早期习得特征,同时也可以解释名词短语可及性等级的存在理据。Based on the high correlation between the child language acquisition and linguistic theories, this study concerns the interpretive approach of the implicational universals of relativization of simple sentences and the constraints on its acquisition via the initial acquisition of it. The children should firstly acquire the subject relative clause(SRC), then the object, and then the oblique, according to the implicational universals of relativization of simple sentences proposed by Keenan & Comrie(1977), but the sequence of the acquisition of RC types cross-linguistically does not entirely support this prediction. The naturalistic and experimental data of Chinese children in this study show that they firstly acquire ORC, then SRC. However, in both types of data of English children, the acquisition of SRC is significantly earlier than that of ORC. This paper predicts the accessibility of subject and object extractions in different word order languages according to two cognitive principles by Lu(2005), and concludes that noun phrase accessibility hierarchy(NPAH) should be refined into two principles based on the positions of RC and word order among S, V and O. The refined NPAH can explain not only the features of the early acquisition of Chinese and English children, but also the reasons of the existence of NPAH.

关 键 词：简单句关系化 最初习得 名词短语可及性等级 解释维度 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]