From sand to fast and stable silicon anode:Synthesis of hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres by aluminothermic reduction for lithium storage  

作　　者：Zhengwei Zhou Long Pan Yitao Liu Xiaodong Zhu Xuming Xie 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University [2]Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University [3]Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology

出　　处：《Chinese Chemical Letters》2019年第3期610-617,共8页中国化学快报（英文版）

基　　金：financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51633003 and 21774069)

摘　　要：As an alloying type anode material, silicon is a promising alternative of graphitic carbon due to its high theoretical capacity and natural abundance. Developing an industrially viable silicon anode, however, is still a huge challenge because of several problems: First of all, the common process to synthesize a silicon anode is complicated, costly, and energy-intensive. Besides, the huge volume expansion, inevitable side reactions with the electrolyte, and low intrinsic conductivity of silicon are eventually responsible for the poor cyclability and unsatisfactory rate capability. Herein, we aim to address these issues by proposing synthesis of hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres from sand by low-temperature aluminothermic reduction, which energetically combines a cost-effective silicon source with an energy-efficient, highyield methodology. The hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres effectively accommodate the diffusion-induced stress by providing the hollow interior and the void space. Moreover, the carbon shell not only functions as an electrolyte-blocking layer to protect the silicon yolk from undesirable side reactions and SEI formation, but also acts as a conductive framework to reduce the resistance to electron and Li^+ ion transport. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, the hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres exhibit superior long-term cyclability and rate capability.As an alloying type anode material, silicon is a promising alternative of graphitic carbon due to its high theoretical capacity and natural abundance. Developing an industrially viable silicon anode, however, is still a huge challenge because of several problems: First of all, the common process to synthesize a silicon anode is complicated, costly, and energy-intensive. Besides, the huge volume expansion, inevitable side reactions with the electrolyte, and low intrinsic conductivity of silicon are eventually responsible for the poor cyclability and unsatisfactory rate capability. Herein, we aim to address these issues by proposing synthesis of hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres from sand by low-temperature aluminothermic reduction, which energetically combines a cost-effective silicon source with an energy-efficient, highyield methodology. The hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres effectively accommodate the diffusion-induced stress by providing the hollow interior and the void space. Moreover, the carbon shell not only functions as an electrolyte-blocking layer to protect the silicon yolk from undesirable side reactions and SEI formation, but also acts as a conductive framework to reduce the resistance to electron and Li^+ ion transport. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, the hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres exhibit superior long-term cyclability and rate capability.

关 键 词：Sand Anode Lithium storage Aluminothermic reduction Si@void@C yolk-shell MICROSPHERES 

分 类 号：O6[理学—化学]