父母情感温暖的教养方式及其与重点高中学生心理健康的关系  

The relationship between parental emotional warmth and mental health of the students in senior high schools

作　　者：方玲娜 朱慧 刘晓宇[2] 汪帅桢 程周菁 左衡 吴文昊 张洪波[2] FANG Ling-na;ZHU Hui;LIU Xiao-yu;WANG Shuai-zhen;CHENG Zhou-jing;ZUO Heng;WU Wen-hao;ZHANG Hong-bo(First School of Clinical Medicine,A nhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei 230032, China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学第一临床医学院,安徽合肥230032 [2]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,安徽合肥230032 [3]安徽医科大学第二临床医学院,安徽合肥230032

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第8期1426-1429,1438,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家大学生创新创业项目(201510366006)

摘　　要：目的了解重点高中学生心理健康水平及其与父母情感温暖的关系,为开展高中学生心理健康的促进提供依据。方法以安徽省四所高中的高一～高三的学生为调查对象进行横断面调查,调查内容包括社会人口学特征、抑郁症状、焦虑症状、强迫症状和父母教养方式等。结果本次调查的高中学生中,父亲和母亲情感温暖的均分为(52.0±11.5)和(53.3±11.2)分;学习成绩越好,父母的情感温暖评分越低。情绪症状评定表明,有抑郁、焦虑和强迫症状之一的高中学生占55.3%(1185/2 140);拥有抑郁、焦虑、强迫症状中的1～3种的学生所占的比例分别为23.8%(510/2 140)、21.0%(450/2 140)和10.5%(225/2 140)。方差分析结果显示父母情感温暖评分越高的学生有心理健康问题的种类数就越少;多因素结果显示性别为女性、非独生子女和父母情感温暖评分较低均是高中学生发生情绪症状的危险因素。结论重点高中学生中超过1/2有情绪症状,亟待引起家长和社会的重视,父母情感温暖的教养方式对学生心理健康可能具有保护作用。Objective The study aimed to assess the situation of mental health of students and to determine the parental emotional warmth influence on emotional symptoms in key senior high schools. Methods Totally, 2140 students completed the survey from grade one to three in 4 key high schools in Anhui province, and the survey content included social demographic characteristics, symptom of depression, anxiety, compulsion as well as parental emotional warmth. Results The survey showed that mean scores of father’s and mother’s emotional warmth was(52.02±11.46) and(53.32±11.23) respectively among students. Scores of parental emotional warmth decreased with academic record. Of students, 55.3% reported to have at least one of emotional symptoms of depression, anxiety or compulsion. The students with one to three matches of depression,anxiety or compulsive symptoms accounted for 23.8%(510/2140), 21.0%(450/2140) and 10.5%(225/2140). The variance analysis showed that students with emotional symptoms got lower score of parents’ emotional warmth. Results of multiple logistic regression showed that high school students who were female, in grade two and had brother or sister were more likely to have emotional symptoms. The results also indicated that students who had higher score of parental emotional warmth were less likely to have symptoms of depression, anxiety or compulsion. Conclusion Over 1/2 of students had symptoms in key high school, calling for help from society and parents. The parental emotional warmth can reduce the risk of emotional symptoms of students.

关 键 词：重点高中学生 父母教养方式 心理健康 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]