3条风沙进京路径植物吸附颗粒物能力  

Variation of Particulate Matter Adsorption Capacity of Plant for Three Wind Sand Paths Entering Beijing

作　　者：鲁绍伟 李少宁 陈波 丁杰[3] 蒋燕[4] LU Shaowei;LI Shaoning;CHEN Bo;DING Jie;JIANG Yan(Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Observation Station of Beijing. Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Science, Beijing 100093, China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Horticulture Ecological Environment Function Promoting. Beijing 100093, China;College of Forestry. Hebei Agriculture University. Baoding 071000, China;Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市林业果树科学研究院北京燕山森林生态系统定位观测研究站,北京100093 [2]林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心,北京100093 [3]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000 [4]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2019年第3期38-46,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31500352);林业公益性行业科研专项(201204101);科技创新服务能力建设-协同创新中心-林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心(2011协同创新中心)(市级)(PXM2017_014207_000043);北京市农林科学院科技创新团队(JWKST201609)

摘　　要：在3条风沙进京路径上选取10个城市(北线:二连浩特—苏尼特右旗—张家口—北京;中线:额济纳旗—呼和浩特—北京;西线:哈密—张掖—银川—太原—北京)的植物为研究对象,应用气溶胶再发生器对植物叶片颗粒物吸附量进行了定量测定,同时应用环境扫描电镜观察了不同城市树木叶表面微形态特征结构,阐释了不同城市树木叶表面结构与吸滞颗粒物的关系。结果表明:3条线路的PM_(10)吸附量表现为中线(1.57±0.24)μg/cm^2>西线(1.51±0.18)μg/cm^2>北线(1.50±0.76)μg/cm^2,PM_(2.5)吸附量表现为西线(0.15±0.06)μg/cm^2>北线(0.12±0.03)μg/cm^2>中线(0.11±0.04)μg/cm^2;不同风沙进京路径植物吸附颗粒物在3-4月和11月是植物吸附颗粒物较高的月份,7月和9月是植物吸附颗粒物较低的月份,植物吸附PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)量均不在风沙源头和终点城市最大,而是在风沙传输路径的中间城市最大;3条风沙进京路径植物吸附PM_(10)约为1.53μg/cm^2,吸附PM_(2.5)约为0.13μg/cm^2;在叶面粗糙、凹凸不平的时期,颗粒物的吸附量均较大,叶片光滑、粗糙度较低的月份,植物颗粒物吸附量均较低。可见,风沙进京路径植物吸附PM_(10)主要来源于新疆和蒙古高原以西的沙漠区域,吸附PM_(2.5)主要来源于新疆和蒙古高原北部,在风沙运移过程中植物吸附颗粒物主要以PM_(10)为主,处于风沙频繁、污染严重、沙尘较大的时间和地区在叶面形态上更有利于吸附颗粒物。研究结果可为政府部门决策和造林治沙工程的实施提供依据。With plants in ten cities in three wind sand paths entering Beijing (north line: Erlianhaote-Sunite-Zhangjiakou- Beijing;middle line: Ejina-Huhehaote-Beijing;west line: Hami-Zhangye-Yinchuan-Taiyuan-Beijing) as the research object, an aerosol generator was used for quantitative determination of particles matter, at the same time environmental scanning electron microscope was used to determine micro morphology characteristics on the leaf surface. The relationships between the surface structure and particulate matte adsorption of different cities were interpreted. It was found that the PM10 adsorption capacity of three lines showed middle line(1.57±0.24)μg/cm^2>west line (1.51±0.18)μg/cm^2>north line(1.50±0.76)μg/cm^2and PM2.5 adsorption capacity was the west line (0.15±0.06)μg/cm^2>north line(0.12±0.03)μg/cm^2>middle line(0.11±0.04)μg/cm^2>. Plant adsorption of particles matter was higher in March and November, and lower in July and September, with the maximum plant adsorption not appearing in sand source and destination city, but in the middle city of the sand transport path. Plant PM10 adsorption amount was 1.53μg/cm^2 and PM2.5, adsorption amount was 0.13μg/cm^2 in three wind sand paths. In the rough leaves period, the particles adsorption amount was large, while the particles adsorption was lower in the smooth leaves month. The PM10 sources are mainly from Xinjiang and the west of Mongolia Plateau to the desert region, and the PM25 sources are from Xinjiang and north of the Mongolian Plateau. PM10 is the domain in the process of sand transport. In the time and area of frequent sand, serious pollution and large sand and dust, it is more favorable adsorbent of particulate matter in the leaves surface morphology. The results would provide the basis for the implementation of government decision-making and afforestation and desertification control engineering.

关 键 词：风沙进京路径 颗粒物 吸附能力 叶表面形态 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]