Cd胁迫对湿地沉积物反硝化与氨化相对重要性的影响  

The relative importance of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in sediments under Cd stress in Chongming Dongtan wetlands

作　　者：陈圆 徐传红[1] 韩建刚 CHEN Yuan;XU Chuanhong;HAN Jiangang(College of Biological and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;National Positioning Observation Station of Hungtse Lake Welland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [3]江苏洪泽湖湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第2期64-72,共9页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41375149;41471191);江苏省"青蓝工程"资助项目(苏教师[2016]15号);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);江苏省普通高校学术学位研究生创新计划项目(2016)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨全球变暖及人为活动加速背景下,重金属对滨海湿地氮素转化的影响,揭示湿地沉积物中镉(Cd)含量及其形态变化对沉积物反硝化(Den)和硝态氮氨化(DNRA)强度及二者相对重要性(Q_(DNRA/Den))的影响。【方法】采集崇明东滩湿地3种覆被(芦苇、互花米草和光滩)类型下的沉积物,外源添加不同剂量的Cd,借助^(15)N同位素示踪技术观测沉积物Den和DNRA强度的变化,分析不同含量及形态Cd的影响。【结果】添加低剂量Cd(0.05～0.30 mg/kg)条件下,3种覆被类型沉积物的Q_(DNRA/Den)均明显升高(6.9%～53.4%),硝态氮的还原趋向DNRA途径。相比较而言,互花米草植被下沉积物的Q_(DNRA/Den)高出芦苇3.1～5.4倍。这表明,互花米草植被可能加速沉积物中硝态氮通过DNRA途径还原。此外,芦苇植被下沉积物Den、DNRA强度主要受可交换态和可还原态Cd的影响,但互花米草植被下主要为可氧化态Cd。【结论】滨海湿地沉积物中低剂量Cd刺激硝态氮的还原趋向DNRA途径,影响沉积物Den、DNRA强度的Cd形态因覆被类型不同而存在明显差异。【Objective】Variations in and unreliability of nitrogen transformation under heavy metal stress in coastal wetland ecosystems,caused by global warming and increasing anthropogenic activities,have drawn much attention.In this study,we aimed to examine the relative importance of denitrification(Den)and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA)in sediments with various Cd contents.【Method】Sediment samples were obtained from under Phragmites australis,Spartina alterniflora community and mudflats without vegetation in the Chongming Dongtan wetlands.Den and DNRA rates in the sediments were measured using the 15N isotope tracing technique after incubation with various concentrations of Cd.The effectiveness of Cd was evaluated using the modified BCR 3 step sequential extraction method.【Result】Low doses of Cd(0.05-0.30 mg/kg)increased DNRA/Den values by 6.9%-53.4%,indicating nitrate reductions in sediments being induced mainly with DNRA pathway.In contrast,the ratios under Spartina alterniflora community were 3.1 to 5.4 times higher than those under Phragmites australis community.This suggests that Spartina alterniflora community may be beneficial for nitrate reductions via the DNRA pathway.In addition,Den and DNRA rates under Phragmites australis community were mainly dominated by exchangeable and reducible Cd in the sediments,whereas the content of oxidized Cd substantially affected the relative importance of Den and DNRA under Spartina alterniflora community.【Conclusion】Low doses of Cd input in coastal wetlands probably stimulate nitrate reduction in sediments by enhancing the DNRA pathway.Cd fractions affecting Den and DNRA rates significantly depend on the vegetation type.

关 键 词：镉胁迫 反硝化 氨化 滨海湿地 互花米草群落 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S718[农业科学—林学]