我国‘砀山酥梨’主要产区栽培适应性对比研究  

Investigation and analysis of the cultivation adaptability of the 'Dangshansuli' pear

作　　者：伊兴凯[1] 高正辉[1] 张晓玲[2] 徐凌飞[3] 舒群[4] 郭黄萍[5] 张大海[6] 邱康俊[7] 杨盛[5] 张金云[1] 潘海发[1] 齐永杰[1] 秦改花[1] 田娟 戚士胜[9] 徐义流[1] YI Xingkai;GAO Zhenghui;ZHANG Xiaoling;XU Lingfei;SHU Qun;GUO Huangping;ZHANG Dahai;QIUKangjun;YANG Sheng;ZHANG Jinyun;PAN Haifa;QI Yongjie;QIN Gaihua;TIAN Juan;QI Shisheng;XU Yiliu(Horticultural Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230001;Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031;College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100;Horticultural Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650000;Pomology Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030000;Horticultural Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wulumuqi 830001;Meteorological Information Center of Anhui Province,Hefei 230001;Pear Industry Service Center of Anhui Dangshan,Dangshan 235300;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Anhui Province Shouxian,Shouxian 232202)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院园艺所,合肥230001 [2]安徽省农业科学院土壤与肥料所,合肥230031 [3]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,杨凌712100 [4]云南省农业科学院园艺所,昆明650000 [5]山西省农业科学院果树所,太原030000 [6]新疆农业科学院园艺作物所,乌鲁木齐830001 [7]安徽省气象信息中心,合肥230001 [8]安徽省砀山县梨技术服务中心,砀山235300 [9]安徽省寿县农业技术推广中心,寿县232202

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2019年第1期152-159,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家梨产业技术体系(CARS-28-33);安徽省果树产业技术体系专项经费(皖农科[2016]84号);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题子课题"砀山酥梨种性改良及高效生产技术研究(2013BAD02B01-4)"共同资助

摘　　要：为明确砀山酥梨的栽培适应性,量化其生态环境条件,为优化砀山酥梨栽培区域提供参考依据,系统调查、分析和讨论了全国砀山酥梨代表性产地砀山酥梨的立地条件、各类气候因子、土壤条件及其生长发育和果实品质特征。结果表明,砀山酥梨对栽培适应性广泛,可在安徽省砀山县、寿县、陕西省蒲城县、山西省祁县、新疆库尔勒地区栽培;在云南省安宁县、禄丰县等地,因冬季温度偏高,其生长发育受到一定的影响。综合砀山酥梨主产区气候环境因子、发育特性和果实品质认为,砀山酥梨最适宜的气候条件在暖温带;最适宜的土壤类型为沙壤土或黄壤土,其pH约为5.8～7.6,有机质含量应在10 g·kg-1以上;年均温度约9.91～15.66℃,≥10℃的有效积温约3 832～5 240℃,生长期适宜的温度约17.00～22.40℃,休眠期适宜的温度在–4.5～7.2℃;年日照2 046～2 965 h;年降雨量应在441.8～739.8 mm,生长期平均相对湿度为55%～80%,休眠期相对湿度为54%～71%。This paper is to clarify the cultivation adaptability and quantify suitable ecological environment factors of‘Dangshansuli’pear so as to improve its fruit quality and achieve the best economic benefits in pear production.In this study,the representative areas of‘Dangshansuli’pear are Dangshan and Shouxian County of Anhui Province,Pucheng County of Shanxi Province,Qixian County of Shanxi Province,Korla City of Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Anning County of Yunnan Province.After systematical investigation of these representative areas,we carefully studied the regional distribution,adaptation of climate type,and adaptability to temperature,light,water,soil and nutrition of‘Dangshansuli’pear.The main producing areas,growth and development,phenology period and fruit characteristics of‘Dangshansuli’pear were also investigated.The results showed that‘Dangshansuli’pear was widely adapted for cultivation in Dangshan,Shou,Pucheng,Qi and Korla Counties.Its growth and development were affected in Anning and Lufeng Counties,in Yunnan Province,as a result of the high temperature in winter.Considering the climatic and environmental factors,developmental characteristics and fruit quality of the main producing area,the most suitable climate condition for‘Dangshansuli’pear is in warm temperate zone.The most suitable growth conditions for‘Dangshansuli’pear are as follows:soil type,sandy or yellow loam soil;pH,about 5.8-7.6;organic matter content,above 10 g·kg^-1;average annual temperature about 9.91-15.66℃;the effective accumulated temperature at 10℃,around 3 832-5 240℃;the suitable temperature for growth phase,about 17.00-22.40℃;the suitable temperature for dormancy,-4.5-7.2℃;the annual sunshine,2 046.0-2 965.0 h;the annual rainfall,441.8-739.8 mm;the average relative humidity during the growth period is 55%-80%,and the relative humidity during the dormancy period is 54%-71%.

关 键 词：'砀山酥梨’ 适应性 分析研究 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]