2013年冬季上海两社区学龄儿童在校时间PM_(2.5)暴露评价  

Exposure assessment of fine particulate matter for school children during school time in primary schools of two communities of Shanghai in winter 2013

作　　者：张莉君 郭常义[1] 许慧慧[1] 潘梅竹[1] 许东[2] 沈先标[3] 钱海雷[1] ZHANG Li-jun;GUO Chang-yi;XU Hui-hui;PAN Mei-zhu;XII Dong;SHEN Xian-biao;QIAN Hai-lei(Environmental Health Department, Sluuighai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention .Shanghai Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China)

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心上海市预防医学研究院环境卫生科,上海200336 [2]上海市徐汇区疾病预防控制中心 [3]上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2018年第8期672-677,共6页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：中美公共卫生人才培训项目-Fogarty基金(TW005741-07);上海市卫生和计划生育委员会面上项目(20134289;20124377);上海市公共卫生重点学科建设环境卫生与劳动卫生学项目(15GWZK0201)

摘　　要：目的评价2013年冬季上海两社区学龄期儿童在校期间的PM_(2.5)暴露水平。方法在上海市中心城区和北部郊区某社区内分别选择一所小学(A校和B校),每校3～5年级各选择一个班级,于在校日对教室、学生活动频繁的走廊和校园开展PM_(2.5)实时测定,每日测定约8 h,每个场所连续检测2 d,同时调查2 d内儿童的时间活动模式,并记录儿童身高和体重。参照美国环保局《暴露参数手册》,评价儿童在校期间PM_(2.5)暴露剂量。并收集2013年7月至2014年6月中国环境监测总站公布的上海市PM_(2.5)、PM10、SO_2和NO_2月均浓度。结果 2013年11—12月上海市各污染物浓度达到全年最高值。被调查儿童在校时段的PM_(2.5)暴露量(Etotal)、个体平均暴露浓度(TWA)、单位体重潜在暴露量(Epotential)及个体日均潜在暴露量(Edaily)分别为1 156.02μg·h/m^3、136.00μg/m^3、17.54μg/(kg·d)和605.47μg/d;A、B两校Etotal和TWA暴露浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),B校儿童Epotential和Edaily均高于A校,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 2013年冬季上海雾霾污染严重,儿童在校期间暴露剂量较高。Objective To evaluate PM2.5 exposure level of school-age children in two schools in Shanghai during school time.Methods Exposure measurements of PM2.5 were performed in children aged 8-12 years, respectively selected from one class in grade 3-5 in A school in central urban area and B school in north rural area in Shanghai. Real-time monitoring was performed eight hours per day,continuously for two days,in several micro-environments in each school, such as classrooms, corridors and playgrounds. Simultaneously, time-activity diary,heights and weights were investigated among children to evaluate the children’s inhaled dose of PM2.5 based on Exposure Handbook of USEPA. Monthly ambient data of PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide(SO2) and nitrogen dioxide(NO2) were collected in Shanghai from July 2013 to June 2014. Results Monthly average concenration of ambient air pollutants in November and December in 2013 was higher than other months obviously. Median values of total exposure levels(Etotal), time-weighted average exposure levels(TWA), daily potential exposure concentration of per kilogram of body weight(Epotential) and daily potential exposure levels(Edaily) of children in both school A and B were 1 156.02 μg·h/m3,136.00 μg/m3, 17.54 μg/(kg·d) and 605.47 μg/d respectively. There were no significant differences in Etotaland TWA between two schools. But Epotentialand Edailyof children in school B were significantly higher than those in school A(P<0.01). Conclusion Children in the two investigated schools were exposed to higher concentration of PM2.5 during winter haze period in Shanghai in2013.

关 键 词：学龄期儿童 PM2.5 微环境 活动模式 暴露评价 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R181.3[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]