我国北方某省分散式农村饮水中莠去津残留的生态风险评价和健康风险评价  

Ecological risk assessment and health risk assessment of atrazine residues in decentralized drinking water system in rural area of a northern province of China

作　　者：于建[1] 卞战强[1] 田向红[1] 张娟[1] 郑和辉[1] YU Jian;BIAN Zhan-qiang;TIAN Xiang-liong;ZHANG Juan;ZHENG He-hui(National Center for Rural Waler Supply Technical Guidance , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Beijing 102200 ‘China Corresponding author: ZHENG He-hui, E-mail)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心农村改水技术指导中心,北京102200

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2018年第8期726-729,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的了解我国某省分散式农村饮水中莠去津的残留状况,并进行生态风险评价和健康风险评价。方法于2014年和2016年的农药喷撒高峰期(4—8月),分别对某省4个市、3个市的农村饮水中莠去津残留进行检测。借鉴美国国家环境保护局(USEPA)推荐的风险评价模型,对饮水中莠去津残留进行生态风险评价和健康风险评价。结果 2014年分散式农村饮水中均有莠去津检出率为47.52%(48/101),低于2016年的75.0%(78/104),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.33,P<0.05),但均远低于限值(2μg/L)。无论是2014年还是2016年,A市和B市分散式农村饮水中的莠去津检出率均处在一个很高的水平(48.0%～95.45%),而C市的检出率均较低[分别为28.0%(7/25)和26.67%(8/30)]。2014年莠去津在地表水中的检出率为50.00%(45/90),高于地下水的27.28%(3/11),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.03,P>0.05)。2016年莠去津在地表水中的检出率为81.82%(54/66),高于地下水的检出率63.16%(24/38),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.48,P<0.05)。2014年和2016年分散式农村饮水中莠去津的风险商均低于1,为低风险污染物。2014年莠去津的非致癌总风险指数和致癌总风险指数分别为1.91×10^(-6)～1.28×10^(-3)和2.67×10^(-8)～1.8×10^(-5),2016年分别为9.43×10^(-6)～1.08×10^(-3)和1.32×10^(-7)～1.5×10^(-5)。结论莠去津在某省分散式农村饮水中普遍检出,但生态风险小,初步认为不会对人体产生明显的健康危害。Objective To understand the status of atrazine contamination in decentralized drinking water system in rural area of a northern province in China and perform the ecological risk assessment and health risk assessment. Methods In the peak period of pesticide spray in 2014 and 2016(April to Auguest),three and four cities were chosen in a northern province to detect the residues of atrazine in decentralized drinking water system in rural area,respectively. Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) models were employed to perform ecological risk assessment and health risk assessment. Results Atrazine were all detected water samples collected in 2014 and 2016,and the detection rate were 47.52%(48/101) and 75.0%(78/104)(χ2=16.33,P <0.05),respectively.Although the detection rate has increased,the concentrations of detected atrazine did not exceed the standard limit(2 μg/L). The detection rates of atrazine were higher(48.0%-95.45%) in A city and B city,and lower in C city in2014 [28.0%(7/25)] and 2016 [26.67%(8/30)],respectively. The detection rates of atrazine were 50.0%(45/90) and 81.82%(54/66)(χ2=16.62,P<0.05) in surface water in 2014 and 2016,respectively,and were 27.28%(3/11) and 63.16%(24/38)(χ2=3.11,P>0.05) in groundwater in 2014 and 2016,respectively. The risk quotients(RQ) of atrazine were lower than 1 in decentralized rural drinking water both in 2014 and 2016,belong to low risk. The total noncarcinogenic risk index and the total risk of carcinogenic indexes were 1.91×10-6-1.28×10-3 and 2.67×10-8-1.8×10-5,respectively. And in 2016,they were 9.43×10-6-1.08×10-3 and 1.32×10-7-1.5×10-5,respectively. Conclusion Atrazine is commonly found in decentralized rural drinking water in the investigated area,the detection rate is relatively higher,but the concentration level is far lower than the limit value,the ecological risk is lower. Therefore,the health risk induced by atrazine in rural drinking water in the investigated province is at the acceptable level.

关 键 词：分散式农村饮水 莠去津 生态风险评价 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]