高熔点金属氢氩等离子弧纯化研究  

Purification of High Melting Point Metal by Hydrogen Argon Plasma Arc

作　　者：何梦园 董福宇[1] 张悦[1] 袁晓光[1] 骆良顺[2] 苏彦庆[2] He Mengyuan;Dong Fuyu;Zhang Yue;Yuan Xiaoguang;Luo Liangshun;Su Yanqing(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin University of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁沈阳110870 [2]哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《稀有金属》2019年第4期402-408,共7页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51404429);中国博士后科学基金(2015M571327);辽宁省教育厅一般项目(LGD2016018)资助

摘　　要：高熔点金属在电子、化工、原子能、航空航天、武器装备等领域具有广泛应用,但是都含有一定量的气体杂质元素、金属和非金属杂质元素,以及各类物理"杂质"(晶体缺陷)等,这些杂质含量在达到一定浓度时对材料的物理与化学性能会产生很大的影响,因此需要对高熔点金属进行有效提纯。采用Ar-H_2等离子体电弧熔炼纯化高熔点金属Zr,利用氢气较高的还原性以及电离态的氢原子具有极高的热导率来增强提纯效果,并进行了成分和含量测定、元素蒸气压分析和硬度测量。结果表明, Ar-H_2等离子体电弧熔炼能够有效提高高熔点金属Zr的纯度,明显降低杂质元素的含量,并且随着纯度的提高,硬度逐渐降低,符合金属越纯其硬度越小的原理。与未提纯金属Zr(纯度96.4%)相比,在熔炼10 min时,纯氩气条件下样品纯度达到98.09%;通入5%氢气时,样品最终纯度为98.18%;通入10%氢气时,样品最终纯度为98.22%。在30 min时,纯氩气条件下样品纯度达到98.12%; 5%氢气的样品纯度为98.21%; 10%氢气的样品纯度为98.23%。High melting point metals are widely used in the fields of electronics,chemical industry,atomic energy,aerospace,weaponry,but they all contain a certain amount of gas impurity elements,metal and non-metallic impurity elements,as well as various physical“impurities”(crystal defects),the content of these impurities in a certain concentration will have a great impact on the physical and chemical properties of the material,so it is necessary to effectively purify high melting point metals.In this paper,Ar-H2 plasma arc melting was used to purify the high melting point metal Zr.The purification effect was enhanced by the high reduction of hydrogen and the extremely high thermal conductivity of the hydrogen atoms in the ionization state,and the composition and content were determined.Element vapor pressure analysis and hardness measurement were completed.The results showed that Ar-H2 plasma arc melting could effectively improve the purity of high melting point metal Zr and decrease the content of impurity elements,and with the increase of purity,the hardness decreased gradually,which accorded with the principle that the more pure metal was,the smaller the hardness was.Compared with the unpurified metal Zr (96.4%),the purity of the sample was 98.09% in pure argon,98.18% in 5% hydrogen and 98.22% in 10% hydrogen,respectively.At 30 min,the purity of the sample reached 98.12% in pure argon gas.The purity of the sample in10% hydrogen was 98.21% and the purity of that in 5% hydrogen was 98.23%.

关 键 词：高熔点金属Zr 纯化 Ar-H2等离子 蒸气压 

分 类 号：TF841[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]