油菜毯状苗形态特征及物理机械特性  

Morphological characteristics and physical-mechanical properties of rapeseed carpet seedling

作　　者：蒋兰 吴崇友 汤庆 张敏 王刚 JIANG Lan;WU Chong-you;TANG Qing;ZHANG Min;WANG Gang(School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University ,Hefei 230036, China;Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Nanjing 210014, China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学工学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]农业农村部南京农机化研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2019年第2期248-254,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51575284);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700804);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-13)

摘　　要：为了提高油菜毯状苗机械化移栽质量,选择宁杂1838和沣油737 2个油菜品种研究了油菜毯状苗的形态特征,对秧苗根茎结合处进行了拉伸试验,并对毯状苗基质进行了拉伸、剪切以及模拟切割试验。试验结果表明:播种后30～45 d,不同品种油菜毯状苗形态特征(苗高、茎部直径、苗幅宽、裸苗质量、基质密度)存在差异,宁杂1838单株切块毯状苗呈现高瘦型,沣油737呈现矮胖型;油菜毯状苗形态特征参数服从正态分布或偏态分布,不同苗龄的毯状苗形态特征参数分布集中程度存在差异;2个油菜品种毯状苗苗高、茎部直径、苗幅宽、裸苗质量和基质密度均与苗龄呈正相关,相关系数在0.956 9至0.999 8之间;宁杂1838和沣油737油菜毯状苗自然状态直立角度均值分别为80.12°和84.59°,根茎处拉断力分别为18.82～26.31 N和31.51～41.84 N,基质弹性模量分别为0.082～0.108 MPa和0.092～0.149 MPa,内摩擦系数分别为0.358和0.368,粘聚应力分别为0.093 MPa和0.108 MPa,切块阻力范围分别为15.941～24.615 N和17.675～26.530 N。In order to solve the problem of low survival rate in the mechanized transplanting process of rapeseed carpet seedlings, the morphological characteristics, mechanical properties of rapeseed carpet seedlings of two rape varieties, Ningza 1838 and Fengyou 737, were studied. The tensile test was carried out on the rhizome position of seedlings, and the tensile test, direct shear test and simulated slicing test were carried out on the substrate of rapeseed carpet seedling. The results showed that there were differences in morphological characteristics of different varieties for rapeseed carpet seedlings within 30 to 45 days after sowing, which included seedling height, rhizome diameter, seedling width, bare seedling quality, substrate density. The morphology of single rapeseed carpet seedling block of Ningza 1838 was high-thin type and that of Fengyou 737 was short-stout type. The morphological characteristics parameters of rapeseed carpet seedlings were subject to normal or skewed distribution. There were differences in the distribution and concentration of the morphological characteristics parameters of rapeseed carpet seedlings at different ages. The morphological characteristics including seedling height, rhizome diameter, seedling width, bare seedling quality and substrate density were positively correlated with seedling age, and the correlation coefficient was between 0.956 9 and 0.999 8 . The average vertical angles in the natural state of Ningza 1838 and Fengyou 737 were 80.12 degrees and 84.59 degrees, respectively. The tensile force of rhizome positions for Ningza 1838 was between 18.82 N and 26.31 N, and Fengyou 737 was between 31.51 N and 41.84 N. The elastic modulus ranges of carpet seedling substrates were 0.082-0.108 MPa and 0.092-0.149 MPa, respectively. The internal friction coefficients of Ningza 1838 and Fengyou 737 were 0.358 and 0.368, respectively, and the cohesive stresses were 0.093 MPa and 0.108 MPa, respectively. The ranges of the slicing resistance of two rapeseed varieties were 15.941-24.6

关 键 词：油菜毯状苗 秧苗形态 力学性能 移栽质量 

分 类 号：S565.404.8[农业科学—作物学]