轻度苏打盐碱地水稻高效节水灌溉模式及制度与高效洗碱-超高产组合试验研究  

Combination Experiment and study on high efficient Irrigation model-system with high efficient of washing soda and super high yield of rice in mild soda saline-alkali soil

作　　者：孙广友[1] 李红艳[2] 罗新正[3] SUN Guang-you;LI Hong-yan;LUO Xin-zheng(Northeast institute of geography and agricultural ecology,Changchun 130021,China;Da'an city Agricultural Bureau rice office,Da'an 131300,China;Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130021 [2]大安市农业局,吉林大安131300 [3]烟台大学材料与工程学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第2期120-128,共9页Journal of Jilin Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：中国科学院-吉林省政府合作项目(05F-2035001);水利部公益性项目松嫩平原苏打盐碱地开发关键技术(200901038)

摘　　要：在松嫩古河道盐碱地综合开发万亩试验区,首次对高效节水-高效洗碱-超高产组合技术开展试验研究并取得成功:粳稻亩产774. 05 kg;降盐率42. 5%;构建了"浅-中-深-湿"节水灌溉模式,据以构建的灌溉制度,具有高效节水功能.亩定额493. 59 m3,较吉林省推荐节水定额节水18%,较通行灌溉制度节水46%.证明水平流种稻洗碱技术体系先进,可以高效降低盐碱和实现超高产.延续一个世纪的"苏打盐碱地最难改良"的传统定论不再成立.若在松嫩盐碱地全面推广,将使水稻增产30%;节水量可达21. 60亿m3,可满足新增15万hm2水稻用水量,或灌溉40万hm2碱性草原,从而破解碱性草原生态恢复缺水的难题.成果具有强化松嫩粮食基地建设,提升国家粮食安全,推动草原恢复以及优化平原生态环境的重大综合效益.古河道盐碱地开发试验也证明工程地理学创建的必要性.It was the first time in China and World to mad combination experiment-study on high efficient Irrigation model-system with high efficient of washing soda and super high yield of rice in Mild Soda Saline-Alkali Soil in Daan Ancient River Way.The Wanmu Experiment Station of Songnen Plain,and the experiment took success.The rice yield was 774.05 kg /666.7 m ^2 achieving the super high yield;the falling rate efficiency of soda-saline was 42.5%.The irrigation model “Shallow-Middle-Deep-Wet” was constructed in this experiment ,the quota is 493.59 m^ 3,saving water is 18%-46% to contrast with the common using in the Songnen Plain.Because the technology “Growing Rice-Washing Soda by Horizontal Flow” is a high efficiency,and the final conclusion,the soda saline-alkali soil is best difficult to improve,is not yet rounded.Meanwhile, the experiment has high simulation,and the irrigation quota of the paper based on the guarantee rate,therefore,the result has high reliability.If the result using the all of Songnen Plain,the rise will add 30%,or adding the rice area 15×10 4 hm ^2,or irrigating grassland 40×10 4 hm^ 2 solving the question of ecology reconstruction.The result will be a important rule for enlarge Songnen Plain food base,to promote security of the food and eco-environment of China.The experiment proved that the found of Engineering Geography is neccessary.

关 键 词：松嫩平原 轻度苏打盐碱地 高效洗碱 节水灌溉模式和制度 超高产 

分 类 号：S2[农业科学—农业工程]