大连地区雷暴时空变化特征及其严重年大气环流背景分析  

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of thunderstorms and its atmospheric circulation background in years with severe thunderstorm in Dalian area

作　　者：王秀萍 金巍[2] 王岩 侯彦泽 高磊 WANG Xiu-ping;JIN Wei;WANG Yan;HOU Yan-ze;GAO Lei(Dalian Meteorological Observatory,Dalian 116001,China;Anshan Meteorological Service,Anshan 114004,China;Dalian Meteorological Service Center,Dalian 116001,China;Dalian Meteorological Information Center,Dalian 116001,China)

机构地区：[1]大连市气象台,辽宁大连116001 [2]鞍山市气象局,辽宁鞍山114004 [3]大连市气象服务中心,辽宁大连116001 [4]大连市气象信息中心,辽宁大连116001

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2019年第2期61-68,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：空间天气学国家重点实验室开放课题"地磁活动因子对气候要素的影响研究"(Y72612A28S)资助

摘　　要：利用1961—2013年大连地区3测站逐日地面雷暴观测资料及1948—2016年NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料,采用线性趋势估计和合成分析方法分析了大连地区雷暴日数的时间和空间分布规律,并进一步探讨雷暴严重年5—9月平均大气环流背景特征。结果表明:大连地区雷暴具有明显的地域特征,空间分布主要呈现北部内陆地区多,南部沿海地区少的特点;除2月外,各地其余月份均可发生雷暴,7月和8月达到高峰值,雷暴集中发生在5—9月,雷暴具有较强的季节性,夏季6—8月最多,冬季很少出现雷暴;年平均雷暴日数总体呈减少趋势,其中北部的减少趋势尤为显著;雷暴初日多出现在4月,终日多出现在10月,初日较终日稳定,无论初日和终日均以北部地区较南部地区稳定,各地雷暴初日显著提前,终日推迟不显著,但仅有大连终日推迟趋势显著;雷暴初日和终日北部地区对应的候平均气温阈值分别为-1℃和10℃,南部(东部)地区对应的候平均气温阈值分别为6℃(-1℃)和3℃(8℃);多雷暴年,高层500 hPa蒙古低涡异常偏强,副热带高压偏西偏北,低层850 hPa偏南风水汽输送和大连上空整层垂直上升运动均异常偏强,这些有利于雷暴日数的增多,而少雷暴年与多雷暴年特征基本相反。Based on the daily surface thunderstorm observation data from three stations in Dalian city from 1961 to 2013 and the monthly average NCEP/NCAR (the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis data from 1948 to 2016,the temporal and spatial distribution of the number of thunderstorm days in Dalian city was analyzed using the linear trend estimation and synthetic analysis methods.The background characteristics of the average atmospheric circulation from May to September in the years with severe thunderstorms were discussed.The results show that the thunderstorm events in Dalian have obvious regional characteristics.There are a higher number of thunderstorm days in the northern inland area and a lower one in the southern coastal area.Except in February,thunderstorms can occur in any month,and the number of thunderstorm days reach the peak value in July and August.Thunderstorms mainly occur from May to September.They have a strong seasonality.There is a higher number of thunderstorm days in summer (from June to August),and a lower number of thunderstorm days in winter.The annual average number of thunderstorm days shows a decreasing trend,especially in the northern area.The starting time of thunderstorm mostly appears in April,and the ending day mostly appears in October.The starting day of thunderstorm is more stable than the ending day.Both the starting and ending dates of thunderstorm in the northern inland area are more stable than those in the southern coastal area.The starting dates of thunderstorm are ahead notably,whereas the delay trend in the ending dates of thunderstorm is insignificant.The obvious delay trend of ending date is only in Dalian station.The thresholds of five-day average temperature corresponding to the starting and ending days of thunderstorm in the northern inland area are -1 ℃ and 10 ℃,respectively,those in the southern area (and eastern area) are 6 ℃(-1 ℃) and 3 ℃(8 ℃),respectively.In the active thunderstorm years,the Mon

关 键 词：雷暴日 合成分析法 大气环流背景 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]