化学调控对洞庭湖区不同群体夏玉米抗倒性及产量的影响  

Effects of chemical regulation on yield and lodging resistance of summer maize of different populations in Dongting Lake area

作　　者：沙莎[1] 何闻静 曹亚娟 韩霜[1] 罗水清[1] 易镇邪[1] 陈平平[1] SHA Sha;HE Wen-jing;CAO Ya-juan;HAN Shuang;LUO Shui-qing;YI Zhen-xie;CHEN Ping-ping(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University/South Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院/南方粮油作物协同创新中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2019年第4期726-735,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300308-01)

摘　　要：【目的】研究化学调控措施对洞庭湖区夏玉米抗倒性及产量的影响,明确不同群体夏玉米适宜的化学调控措施,为洞庭湖区机收夏玉米的高产高效栽培提供理论与技术支撑。【方法】以机收夏玉米品种郑单958和湘农玉27号为材料,于2017—2018年在湖南桃源县木塘垸镇进行大田试验,比较1次化学调控(拔节初期)、2次化学调控(拔节初期+大喇叭口期)和无化学调控(对照)对低、中、高不同种植密度(60000、75000和90000株/ha)夏玉米抗倒性及产量的影响。【结果】随种植密度增大,夏玉米的株高和穗位高增高、茎秆变细、气生根数量减少,但适宜的化学调控措施可增加气生根数量,增大茎粗和茎秆拉折力,降低玉米株高、穗位高、穗高系数及玉米重心,进而提高玉米的抗倒性能,降低倒伏率与倒折率。玉米产量随种植密度增加而提高,且两年度表现一致。化学调控对玉米产量的影响存在年际间差异,可能与2017年异常天气状况有关。2017年,玉米产量随化学调控次数增加而下降;2018年,低种植密度下以无化学调控处理的产量最高,中种植密度下不同化学调控次数间的玉米产量差异不显著(P>0.05),而高种植密度下表现为1次化学调控>对照>2次化学调控。两个品种最高产量均在高种植密度、1次化控条件下获得。【结论】化学调控可明显提高玉米的抗倒伏能力,不同群体条件下宜采取不同的化学调控措施。夏玉米群体较大、长势良好条件下,于拔节初期喷施1次化学调控剂有助于提高玉米产量。【Objective】The effect of chemical regulation measurements on lodging resistance and yield of summer maize were studied to clarify the suitable chemical regulation measures for different mechanical harvesting summer maize populations in Dongting Lake area. It provided theoretical and technical support for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of summer maize harvested by machine in Dongting Lake area.【Method】The field experiments were conducted in Mutangyuan,Taoyuan,Hunan in 2017-2018 to comparatively study none(CK),one time(at beginning of jointing stage) and two times(at early jointing period+big trumpet period)chemical regulation on the lodging resistance and yield of Zhengdan 958 and Xiangnongyu 27 under various plating population with low,medium and high planting densities (60000,75000 and 90000 plant / ha).【Result】With the increasing of maize planting density,the lodging risk were increased due to higher plant height and ear height,thinner stem and decline of aerial roots number. However,the appropriate chemical control measures could increase the number of aerial roots,the stem diameter and stalk breaking force,reduce the plant height,ear height and ear height coefficient,reduce the gravity center of maize,ultimately improve the lodging resistance reducing the lodging rate and folding rate. Maize yield increased as planting density rose,and the performance in two years was consistent. The effects of chemical control measurements on yield varied in different years,and it could relate to the adverse weather in 2017. In 2017,maize yield dropped as chemical control measurements times enhanced. In 2018,yield in treatment of none chemical regulation was the highest under low density,and that of all treatments had no significant difference under medium density(P>0.05),while that showed the trend of one time chemical regulation treatment> control>two times chemical regulation treatment under high planting density. The highest yield of both varieties were obtained under high planting density and one

关 键 词：夏玉米 化学调控 抗倒性 产量 

分 类 号：S513.05[农业科学—作物学]