412例药物不良反应报告分析  

Analysis of 412 reports of adverse drug reactions

作　　者：李友佳[1] 杨鑫[1] 郑娜[1] 徐晓娜[1] 陈晓敏 张抗怀[1] LI Youjia;YANG Xin;ZHENG Na;XU Xiaona;CHEN Xiaomin;ZHANG Kanghuai(Department of Pharmacy,the Second Hospital Affiliated of Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710004,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第二附属医院药学部,西安710004

出　　处：《西北药学杂志》2019年第3期401-405,共5页Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal

基　　金：北京医卫健康公益基金会项目(编号:YWJKJJHKYJJ-TLG17126)

摘　　要：目的分析近2年某三甲医院收集并上报的药物不良反应(ADR)信息,为不良反应发生的预防或减少以及促进医院合理用药提供参考。方法对412例ADR患者的基本信息和用药情况进行回顾性分析、定性定量描述。结果 412例案例中,西药365例,中成药47例;男性151(36.65%)例,女性261(63.35%)例;报告类型为严重和新的不良反应分别是41和15例;主要给药方式为静脉滴注;引发不良反应例数最多的是抗微生物药;引发严重不良反应的主要为抗感染以及抗肿瘤药;累及最多的器官是皮肤系统及其相关附件,共229例;51.46%和33.98%的ADR上报人为药师和医师。结论不良反应监测的重点人群主要为中老年患者;建议医师遵循可口服则不注射的用药基本原则,输液时控制给药速度,密切关注用药者的反应;加强抗菌药物的应用管理;医疗机构加强宣传培训,增强医生和护士的上报意识,提高上报率。Objective To provide reference for the prevention or reduction of adverse drug reaction (ADR) and promote the rational use of drugs in hospital by analyzing and summarizing the adverse drug reaction information collected and reported by a top three hospital in the past 2 years. Methods The basic information and medication status of 412 patients with ADR were retrospectively analyzed and qualitatively and quantitatively described. Results Of the 412 cases,365 were induced by western medicines and 47 were induced by Chinese medicines,151 (36.65%) were male and 261 (63.35%) were female.The severe and new adverse reactions were 41 and15 respectively.The main administration was intravenous infusion.Antimicrobial drugs caused the most cases of adverse reactions.The main serious adverse reactions were caused by anti-infective and anti-neoplastic drugs.The most involved organs were the skin system and its related accessories with a total of 229 cases.51.46% and 33.98% of the ADR were reported by pharmacists and physicians. Conclusion The key populations for adverse reaction monitoring were mainly middle-aged and elderly patients.It is recommended to follow the basic principle of taking orally instead of injection,control the rate of drug delivery during infusion and pay close attention to the drug users.It is necessary to enhance the publicity and training of ADR,therefore to increase the reporting rate.

关 键 词：药物不良反应 抗菌药物 合理用药 

分 类 号：R969.3[医药卫生—药理学]