海水提铀研究进展  

Research progress in uranium extraction from seawater

作　　者：敖浚轩 徐晓 李玉娜 吴国忠[1] 李晴暖[1] 马红娟[1] AO Junxuan;XU Xiao;LI Yuna;WU Guozhong;LI Qingnuan;MA Hongjuan(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Petrochemical Engineering,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China;Department of Chemistry,College of Sciences,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]常州大学石油化工学院,常州213164 [4]上海大学理学院化学系,上海200444

出　　处：《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》2019年第2期1-26,共26页Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1732151);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA02030200)资助~~

摘　　要：铀作为核工业中最为重要的元素被广泛应用于发电系统核燃料和军事核武器。目前陆地探明的铀矿总量不超过500万吨,人类将关注点转向海水中铀资源的提取。吸附法作为海水提铀中最有前景的方法受到了国内外科学家的关注,包括各种吸附剂的制备,吸附机理的研究,以及真实海水中提取铀所遇到的各种问题。本文对近年来国内外对海水提铀领域中的吸铀材料制备、吸附机理、吸附工艺和海试平台等研究进行了总结。虽然海水提铀从20世纪60年代就开始研究,但真实海试实验的结果反映出高效吸附材料制备等一些关键问题仍亟需解决。Uranium is the most significant element in the nuclear industry and is widely used in nuclear fuels as well as nuclear weapons.At present,the total amount of uranium discovered on land is less than 5 million tons,which makes it essential to exploit uranium resources in seawater.Adsorption,as the most promising method for uranium extraction from seawater,has been widely studied in the preparation of various adsorbents,the mechanism of adsorption,and the various problems encountered in natural seawater.In this paper,the continuous research conducted in recent years on uranium extraction from seawater,including material preparation methods,adsorption mechanisms,adsorption technology,and natural seawater adsorption,was summarized.Although uranium extraction from seawater has been studied since the 1960s,the experimental results for natural seawater show that some key problems,such as the preparation of highly efficient adsorption materials,still need to be solved.

关 键 词：海水提铀 吸附材料 配位机理 

分 类 号：TL25[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料]