专利强制许可下的专利权人权益保障论  

On the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Patentees in Compulsory Licensing of Patents

作　　者：彭心倩[1] Peng Xinqian

机构地区：[1]广州大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《政治与法律》2019年第5期16-28,共13页Political Science and Law

基　　金：作者主持2018年中国法学会自筹项目"强制许可下的专利人权益保障研究"[项目编号:CLS(2018)D129]的研究成果

摘　　要：专利权人在专利强制许可中的利益损失并非专利强制许可制度的当然、必要"牺牲"。专利人权益保障不充分会造成专利强制许可制度的实施效果不佳、专利权人创新动能减损、技术贸易摩擦加剧等问题,进而影响该制度的实施和正常功能的发挥。公平保障专利权人权益在价值取向上符合我国"创新驱动发展"的战略道路选择,在制度逻辑上坚持了我国知识产权激励论和专利契约论的立法初衷,在权利主张上具有知识产权请求权基础。被强制许可专利权人的权益保障应当以激励创新为目标,以公平原则为补偿标准,建立专利实施者与政府区分责任制或双轨责任制,建立经济利益与精神利益、实体权益与程序权益相结合的多元多维权益保障体系。公平保障在经济上应实现以正当市场价值为基础进行类别化区分,综合考虑个案情形专利使用费裁量标准;在精神利益上维护专利权人的身份标识利益与市场商誉;在程序利益上以预警制度为重点稳定专利权人合理期待。The patentee's loss of interest is not an unavoidable or necessary sacrifice in the system on compulsory licensing of patents.The shortage in protection of patentees'rights does not only hinder the implementation of the system on compulsory licensing of patents,but also results in a series of issues such as poor effect of implementation,reduced motivation of patentees in innovation and increased technology trade conflicts.The fair protection of patentees'rights complies with the China's selection of a strategic path of"innovation-driven development"in terms of value orientation,continues the initial intent of legislation based on Incentive Theory of Intellectual Property Right and Contract Theory of Patents in terms of system logic,and has a basis for claiming intellectual property right in terms of right claim.In order to protect patentees'rights and interests during compulsory licensing,licensee-government distinguished responsibilities system or dual responsibilities system shall be established with encouraging innovation as the objective and the principle of fairness as the compensation standard,diversified and multi-dimensional rights and interests protection system combining economic interest and spiritual interest,substantive and procedural rights and interests.To ensure fair protection,in terms of economy,the judgment standard for patent royalties shall be made on basis of rational market value,after distinguishing according to classification,and through comprehensive consideration of an individual case;in terms of spiritual interest,a patentee's identity interest and mark reputation shall be protected;in terms of procedural interest,a patentee's reasonable expectation shall be stabilized with focus on the pre-warning system.

关 键 词：专利强制许可 专利权人权益 专利使用费 

分 类 号：DF523.2[政治法律—民商法学]