论地方性法规处罚种类创设权  

On the Power of Local Regulations to Create Punishment Types

作　　者：李晴 Li Qing

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《政治与法律》2019年第5期120-132,共13页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：根据我国《行政处罚法》第8条和第11条第1款的字面意思,地方性法规仅允许在《行政处罚法》第8条明确列举的行政处罚种类和法律、行政法规设定的行政处罚种类中设定除限制人身自由和吊销营业执照之外的行政处罚种类,而不得创设新的处罚种类。然而从整体法秩序的角度观察,赋予地方性法规处罚种类创设权,是功能适当原则的考量,其既不影响国家法制统一,也未必违反法律保留原则。地方性法规新设的行政处罚应当以《行政处罚法》和其他法律、行政法规规定的处罚种类为起点,扩展至更多的行为罚、财产罚、申诫罚,同时可以创设名誉罚、信誉罚等新型处罚种类,但不得创设关涉行政相对人重大权益的人身罚和资格罚。According to the literal meaning of Article 8 and Paragraph 1 of Article 11 of Administrative Punishment Law,local regulations can only set forth punishments that have been listed in Article 8 of Administrative Punishment Law,and those set forth in other laws and administrative regulations except for restricting personal freedom and revoking business licenses.That is,local regulations cannot create new punishment types.However,from the perspective of the whole legal order,to endow local regulations with the power of creating punishment types is based on the principle of functional suitability,which does not affect the uniformity of the national legal system,nor necessarily violate the principle of law reservation.The punishments set forth in local regulations shall be based on the types stipulated in the Administrative Punishment Law,other laws and administrative regulations,and then cover more types such as behavioral punishment,property punishment,and reprimand punishment.Meanwhile,reputation punishment,credit punishment and other new types of punishment may be created.However,it is not allowed to create personal punishment or qualification punishment that involves major interest of administrative counterparts.

关 键 词：地方性法规 处罚种类创设权 功能适当原则 超越法律的法的续造 

分 类 号：DF31[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]