北京市密云水库上游土壤和沉积物重金属污染程度及风险评价  

Heavy metal pollution levels and risk assessment of soils and sediments in the upstream of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing

作　　者：潘丽波[1] 乌日罕 王磊[1] 王玥[1] 方广玲[1] 苏本营[1] 王思雨 香宝[1] PAN Libo;WU Rihan;WANG Lei;WANG Yue;FANG Guangling;SU Benying;WANG Siyu;XIANG Bao(Rural Environmental Research Center, Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;Academy of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China;Information Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院农村环境研究中心,北京100012 [2]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022 [3]生态环境部信息中心,北京100029

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2019年第3期261-268,共8页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800905;2018YFD0800101;2017YFD080140103);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07203-007-001-01;2014ZX07201-012-004)

摘　　要：对北京市密云水库上游潮河和白马关河流域土壤及沉积物中重金属(Cd、Cr、As、Pb、Cu和Zn)的污染程度、生态风险和人群健康风险进行了研究与评价。结果表明:潮河和白马关河流域土壤和沉积物中重金属浓度均未超过GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》,但超过了北京市土壤背景值,其中以Cd累积程度最重,土壤和沉积物中的Cd浓度分别是北京市土壤背景值的2. 64和3. 40倍,Pb、As和Cr浓度轻微超过背景值。土壤和沉积物中Cd的生态风险均处于中度风险水平,且潮河流域重金属潜在生态风险水平高于白马关河流域。历史采矿和密云水库上游经济作物种植是导致密云水库上游地区重金属污染的主要因素。土壤重金属人群健康风险评价结果显示,成人和儿童的非致癌风险和致癌风险均在可接受水平之内。Focusing on the Chao River and Baimaguan River located upstream of the Miyun Reservoir in Miyun District, Beijing, the concentration, potential ecological risk, and human health risk of the heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, arsenic, lead, copper, and zinc, in the soil and sediment samples collected from the river and drainage basin were analyzed and assessed. The average concentrations of the six heavy metals were all below the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (GB 15618-2018) for China, but exceeded the background values of Beijing. Cd was the most serious pollutant in both soil and sediment, being with 2.64 and 3.40 times of background value, while Pb, As and Cr were slightly higher than their background values. The potential ecological risk posed by Cd in soil and sediment was at moderate level, and the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in Chao River Basin was higher than that in Baimaguan River Basin. The historical iron ore mining and economic crop cultivation were identified as the primary sources of heavy metal pollution of soil and sediment in the upstream of the Miyun Reservoir. Human health risk assessment results indicated that non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks of adults and children all fell below threshold values.

关 键 词：重金属 污染程度 土壤 沉积物 风险评价 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]