亚硝酸态氮对菲律宾蛤仔浮游幼虫及幼贝的急性毒性  

Acute toxicity of nitrite nitrogen to planktonic larvae and juveiles of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

作　　者：陈震楠 刘念 张跃环[2] 潘发林 霍忠明 杨凤 CHEN Zhen-nan;LIU Nian;ZHANG Yue-huan;PAN Fa-lin;HUO Zhong-ming;YANG Feng(College of Fisheries and Life Science, Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;Jilin Institute of Fishery Sciences, Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院辽宁省贝类良种繁育工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东广州510301 [3]吉林省水产科学研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2019年第3期399-404,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-49)

摘　　要：为探明亚硝酸态氮(NO_2-N)对菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum(以下简称蛤仔)的毒性,在实验室条件下,采用常规生物毒性试验方法,进行了NO_2-N急性胁迫对蛤仔浮游幼虫(壳长为162.2μm±15.9μm)存活和生长的影响,以及不同pH(7.2、7.6、8.0、8.4)条件下NO_2-N对蛤仔幼贝(壳长为9.4～10.3 mm)存活的影响试验。结果表明:在pH为8.00±0.20、水温为(26.1±0.6)℃、盐度为23条件下,NO_2-N对浮游幼虫的96 h LC_(50)为160.5 mg/L,随着胁迫时间的延长和NO_2-N浓度的增大,幼虫生长逐渐减慢,胁迫48 h时,97.8、146.8 mg/L NO_2-N浓度组蛤仔幼虫的壳长和壳高均与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),97.8 mg/L浓度下胁迫96 h时,壳长和壳高分别较对照组显著下降10.0%和11.3%(P<0.05),胁迫144 h时分别较对照组显著下降14.4%和14.7%(P<0.05);在pH为7.97±0.07、水温为(19.9±0.3)℃、盐度为30条件下,NO_2-N对蛤仔幼贝的96 h LC_(50)为628.1 mg/L,随着pH的升高,NO_2-N对幼贝的毒性逐渐减弱,pH为7.6、8.0和8.4时,96 h LC_(50)依次为497.0、628.1、1062.0 mg/L。研究表明,蛤仔浮游幼虫和幼贝对NO_2-N均有较强的耐受能力,且幼贝的耐受能力远大于浮游幼虫,生产实践中可维持较高pH以降低NO_2-N的毒性。Acute toxicity of nitrite nitrogen(NO2-N) to juveniles of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum with shell length of(9.4-10.3) mm at different pH(7.2, 7.6, 8.0, 8.4) and to planktonic larvae with shell length of(162.2±15.9)μm were investigated in a laboratory in order to investigate the toxicity of nitrite nitrogen to Manila clam. It was found that the 96 h LC50 of NO2-N was 160.5 mg/L in planktonic larvae at natural seawater pH(8.00±0.20), water temperature of(26.1±0.6)℃,and salinity of 23, with poor growth as the prolongation of stress time and the increase in NO2-N concentration. At 48 hours, there was no significant difference in shell length and shell height between≤146.8 mg/L group and control group(P>0.05). The planktonic larvae exposed to under 97.8 mg/L stress for 96 hours had decrease by 10.0% in shell length and by 11.3% in shell height(P<0.05) and by 14.4% in shell length and by 14.7% in shell height at 144 h exposure(P<0.05). The 96 h LC50 of NO2-N was found to be 628.1 mg/L in juvenile clam under the conditions of pH(7.97±0.07), water temperature of(19.9±0.3)℃ and salinity of 30, with decrease in toxicity of nitrite with the increase in pH, and 96 h LC50 of 497.0 mg/L at pH 7.6, and 628.1 mg/L at pH 8.0 and 1062.0 mg/L at pH 8.4. The results indicate that the toxicity of NO2-N can be reduced by appropriate increase in pH in aquaculture practices since both planktonic larvae and juvenile calm have strong tolerance to NO2-N, especially juveniles.

关 键 词：菲律宾蛤仔 pH 亚硝酸态氮 幼虫 幼贝 毒性 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]