全球和中国5岁以下儿童死亡变化趋势及死因变化  

Death change trends and death causes of children under five years old in China and worldwide

作　　者：仇赛云[1] 李智[1] 杨蕊 刘锦桃[1] 沈建华[2] QIU Sai-yun;LI Zhi;YANG Rui;LIU Jin-tao;SHEN Jian-hua(Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Kunming Yunnan 650051,China;Yunnan Medical Information Research Institute,Kunming Yunnan 650031,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省妇幼保健院,云南昆明650051 [2]云南省医学信息研究所,云南昆明650031

出　　处：《卫生软科学》2019年第5期92-97,共6页Soft Science of Health

摘　　要：[目的]分析全球、中国、云南5岁以下儿童死亡率(U5MR)及其主要死因的变化,为有效干预、降低U5MR提供理论依据。[方法]收集1960-2015年全球各区域/次区域、1991-2015年中国及2000-2015年云南5岁以下儿童死亡数据,并用SPSS 15对数据进行分析。[结果]①全球总的U5MR在2015年时下降到43‰,比1990年下降了51. 1%,全球未实现儿童死亡率千年发展目标。②中国1991-2015年U5MR呈现持续、大幅下降趋势,年均降幅均超过7%; 2015年与1991年相比,U5MR的指标实现了80%的平均降幅。③云南U5MR在15年间呈持续下降趋势,平均年下降率为7. 77%。④中国5岁以下儿童前五位死因依次为肺炎、早产或LBW、出生窒息、先天性心脏病;云南5岁以下儿童前五位死因依次为出生窒息、肺炎、早产或LBW、意外窒息、先天性心脏病。[结论]全球未实现儿童死亡率千年发展目标,且存在很大地区差异,欠发达地区仍是减少儿童死亡的重点和难点; 1990-2015年,中国实现了将U5MR降低2/3的MDG目标。以后工作重点将放到基层,把更多的医疗卫生资源配置到贫困地区,针对主要问题采取多种切实有效的措施降低U5MR。Objective To analyze U5MR and change of main death causes in the world,China and Yunnan province so as to provide theoretical basis for effectively intervening and reducing U5MR. Methods This article collected the data of U5MR from 1960 to 2015 in everywhere of the world,from 1991 to 2015 in China and from 2000 to 2015 in Yunnan,and analyzed the data by SPSS 15. Results 1.Total U5MR in all regions of the world dropped to 43% in 2015,decreased by 51.1% which compared with in 1990.It didn't carried out child mortality millennium development goals.2.It showed U5MR continuous downtrend from 1991 to 2015 in China,average annual decline was more than 7%.Compared 1991 and 2015,the U5MR indicator achieved an average decrease of 80%.3.U5MR in Yunnan showed continuous downtrend during 15 years,the average annual decline rate was 7.77%.4.The top five causes of death in Chinese children under the age of 5 were pneumonia,premature birth or LBW,birth asphyxia,and congenital heart disease.The top five causes of death of children under 5 in Yunnan province were birth asphyxia,pneumonia,premature birth or LBW,accidental asphyxia and congenital heart disease. Conclusions The world has not achieved the MDG in child mortality,and there are large regional differences.The underdeveloped areas are still the focus and difficulty in reducing child mortality.From 1990 to 2015,China achieved the MDG target of reducing U5MR by two-thirds.In the future,the focus will be on the grassroots level,more medical and health resources will be allocated to poor areas,and various practical and effective measures will be taken to reduce U5MR in response to major problems.

关 键 词：U5MR 世界 中国 云南 死因 城乡 

分 类 号：R199[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]