高水平烟酸对吉富罗非鱼脂代谢和体脂沉积的影响  

Effects of high levels of niacin on lipid metabolism and body fat deposition in genetically improved farmed tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

作　　者：刘伟[1] 文华[1] 陆星[1] 蒋明[1] 吴凡[1] 田娟[1] 喻丽娟[1] LIU Wei;WEN Hua;LU Xing;JIANG Ming;WU Fan;TIAN Juan;YU Lijuan(Yangtze RiverFisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护与利用重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2019年第3期473-483,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31602178);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-46);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助项目(2018JBF05)

摘　　要：为探讨高水平烟酸对鱼类脂代谢和体脂沉积的影响,本研究以吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromisniluticus)为研究对象,设计了2个实验。在实验I中,为确定烟酸是否具有改善血脂作用及其适宜水平,首先通过高糖高脂饲料喂养初始体重(15.28±0.23) g的实验鱼40 d,建立高血脂模型,随后改投添加500 mg/kg、1000 mg/kg、2000 mg/kg烟酸的饲料。结果发现添加500～2000mg/kg的烟酸,均有降低实验鱼血清胆固醇和甘油三酯水平的作用,但以1000～2000 mg/kg的效果较为显著。在实验Ⅱ中,采用2×2双因素实验设计,研究了2种饲料类型(对照组和高糖高脂饲料)和2个烟酸水平(100 mg/kg和1000 mg/kg)对初始体重(24.45±0.07) g实验鱼生长、饲料利用、血脂水平和体成分的影响。养殖8周。结果发现,饲料类型或烟酸水平未对实验鱼的末体重、增重率、特定生长率、肥满度、脏体比和肠脂比,以及全鱼粗脂肪、粗蛋白、水分和灰分含量等生长性能指标产生显著影响(P>0.05);对饲料粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率、饲料系数、摄食率等饲料利用指标也未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。与投喂对照组饲料的相比,投喂高糖高脂饲料的实验鱼对饲料干物质和总能的表观消化率,及其血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸水平,肝脏、内脏、腹肌的粗脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05);而投喂高水平烟酸实验鱼的血清低密度脂蛋白、胆固醇和游离脂肪酸水平,肝脏粗脂肪含量则显著降低(P<0.05)。饲料类型和烟酸水平仅对实验鱼血清的高密度脂蛋白和胆固醇水平存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲料中添加1000 mg/kg烟酸不会影响吉富罗非鱼的生长性能和饲料利用,并具有降低血脂水平和肝脏脂肪含量的作用。To investigate the effects of high niacin levels on lipid metabolism and body fat deposition in fish, two experiments on genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) were designed. In experiment I, to determine whether high niacin can decrease serum lipid content in fish and its appropriate level, a model of hyperlipidemia was established by first feeding GIFT (initial body weight: 15.28±0.23 g) a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet for 40 d;subsequently, these fish were fed diets containing 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg niacin. The results showed that the addition of 500 2000 mg/kg niacin in the diet could reduce fish serum choles- terol and triglyceride levels, and that 1000 2000 mg/kg niacin had more highly significant effects. In experimental II, a 2×2 factorial study was conducted to investigate the effects of two diet types (the control diet and high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet) and two niacin levels (100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) on the growth, feed utili- zation, serum lipid level, and body composition of GIFT (initial body weight: 24.45±0.07 g). The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that neither of the diet types nor niacin levels had significant effects (P> 0.05) on the final mean weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feeding intake, condition factor, viscerosomatic index, mesenteric fat index, or the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat, or crude fat, crude protein, moisture, and ash content of the whole fish. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and en- ergy, and the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acid (FFA), and the crude fat contents of liver, viscera, and abdominal muscle of fish fed the high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the control group. The serum low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and FFA, and liver crude fat contents of fish fed the diets contain 1000 mg/kg niacin were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those fed the diets con

关 键 词：罗非鱼 烟酸 脂代谢 体脂沉积 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]