不同产量水平的杂交籼稻品种穴直播茎秆抗倒特性及其差异性比较  

Comparison of stem lodging resistance characteristics and differences of indica hybrid rice cultivars with different yield levels in precision direct seeding

作　　者：郭长春[1] 张桥 孙永健[1] 武云霞 徐徽[1] 何艳[1] 杨志远[1] 马鹏 彭志芸 马均[1] GUO Changchun;ZHANG Qiao;SUN Yongjian;WU Yunxia;XU Hui;HE Yan;YANG Zhiyuan;MA Peng;PENG Zhiyun;MA Jun(Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2019年第2期143-156,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"粮食丰产增效科技创新"重点专项(2016YFD0300506);四川省教育厅重点项目(16ZA0044);四川省学术和技术带头人培养支持经费(川人社办发[2016]183号);四川省育种攻关专项(2016NYZ0051)

摘　　要：为明确不同生态区穴直播优质杂交籼稻高产品种茎秆抗倒特性及其共性特征,探明穴直播优质杂交籼稻抗倒能力与穗部构成、茎秆主要物理性状的相关性,本研究选取川西平原和川中丘陵2个稻作区为研究对象,以15个优质杂交籼稻品种为试验材料,人工模拟精量穴直播(以下简称"穴直播")。通过对2个生态区各品种的平均籽粒产量进行聚类分析,将供试品种分为高产、中产、低产3种类型。在不同生态区中,较之中产、低产品种,高产品种单穗干质量4.56～5.35 g、一次枝梗数14.55～15.17、二次枝梗数49.58～60.67、N_1～N_3(基部至穗顶第1—3节间)节间长25.70～26.67 cm、重心高度53.97～59.37 cm、基部N_1～N_3平均节间粗度5.75～6.26 mm、节间茎壁厚度1.09～1.20 mm、平均茎干质量0.20～0.24 g、鞘干质量0.22～0.23 g,说明其茎秆充实度高,机械强度好,抗倒优势明显。高产品种穗部构成及茎秆物理性状的改善,使其茎秆抗折力明显增加,倒伏指数降低。相关分析表明:N_1、N_2、N_3节间抗折力与穗部一、二次枝梗数,单穗质量,着粒密度,籽粒产量,弯曲力矩,茎秆长度,重心高度,相对重心高度,节间粗度,茎壁厚度,秆型指数,扁平率,茎干质量,鞘干质量,单位节间干质量呈显著或极显著正相关,尤其与单位节间干质量的相关性最高(r=0.855～0.937);而与节间长度呈极显著负相关。说明合理控制基部节间配置比例,注重提高茎壁厚和茎秆充实程度,是不同生态区穴直播优质杂交籼稻高产与抗倒伏协调统一的可靠途径。To clarify the stem lodging resistance characteristics and common characteristics of high-yielding indica hybrid rice cultivars with good quality under precision direct seeding in different ecological areas, and furthermore, to investigate the correlation analysis between the lodging index, breaking resistance and panicle traits, main culm physical characteristics, this study selected two rice fields in the western Sichuan Plain and the middle Sichuan hills as the research objects, and 15 different indica hybrid rice cultivars were used as materials in the two ecological zones, and mechanized precise hill-seeding (the following referred to precision direct seeding) were artificially simulated. The results showed that by a cluster analysis based on average grain yield of each cultivar in the two zones, the 15 tested cultivars could be classified into three levels: high-yielding, mediumyielding, and low-yielding. In the different ecological areas, compared with medium-yielding and low-yielding cultivars, the high-yielding cultivars had high stem plumpness status, good mechanical strength and obvious lodging resistance advantages. Its dry mass of single ear was 4.56-5.35 g;the number of primary branches was 14.55-15.17;the number of secondary branches was 49.58-60.67;N1-N3 (the first to the third internode from the base) internode length was 25.70-26.67 cm;the gravity center height was 53.97-59.37 cm;the average internode thickness of the base N1-N3 was 5.75-6.26 mm;the internode culm wall thickness was 1.09-1.20 mm;the average stem mass was 0.20-0.24 g, and the sheath dry mass was 0.22-0.23 g. As a result of their improved spike composition and stalk physical characteristics, the comprehensive breaking resistance of the culm of highyielding cultivars was improved evidently, and the lodging index reduced as well. Besides, the correlation analysis also showed that the breaking resistance of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd internodes had significant or extremely significant positive correlations with the number of first and second

关 键 词：穴直播 杂交籼稻品种 产量类型 茎秆物理性状 差异性 

分 类 号：S511.2[农业科学—作物学]