室外风和机械排烟对机械排烟效果的影响  

The effect of outdoor wind and mechanical smoke exhaust on mechanical smoke exhaust

作　　者：张一天 王梓蘅 李思成 ZHANG Yi-tian;WANG Zi-heng;LI Si-cheng(Bengbu Fire Detachment, Anhui Bengbu 233000, China;China People's Police University, Hebei Langfang 065000, China;Changsha Fire Detachment, Hunan Changsha 410005, China)

机构地区：[1]蚌埠市消防支队,安徽蚌埠233000 [2]中国人民警察大学,河北廊坊065000 [3]长沙市消防支队,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2019年第3期326-330,共5页Fire Science and Technology

摘　　要：为研究室外风和机械排烟综合驱动对高层建筑疏散走道机械排烟效果的影响,在相似原理基础上,开展了1/3缩尺寸试验。通过改变室外风和机械排烟量,分析前室门处、疏散走道的烟气温度和烟气蔓延速度等参数,定量分析室外风对疏散走道机械排烟效果的影响。试验结果表明:室外风风速为1.0 m/s时,烟气层稳定,临界单位排烟量为105.8 m^3/(h·m^2),较无室外风时的临界单位排烟量(63.5 m^3/(h·m^2))有所提高;室外风风速为2.5 m/s时,烟气层紊乱,单位排烟量211.6 m^3/(h·m^2)仅能减缓烟气蔓延进入前室的速度,不能将烟气控制在疏散走道内;室外风风速为4.0 m/s时,疏散走道内烟气完全紊乱,机械排烟失去控烟效果。1/3 scale experiment was carried out to investigate the mechanical smoke exhaust effect in high-rise building evacuation walk under the combination drive of outdoor wind and mechanical smoke exhaust on the basis of similitude principle. By means of changing the outdoor wind and mechanical exhaust smoke rate, the smoke temperature and smoke spread velocity in the evacuation walk and at the door of antechamber were analyzed, and the effect of the outdoor wind on the mechanical smoke exhaust effect was analyzed quantitatively. The experiment results showed that when the outdoor wind velocity was 1.0 m/s, the smoke layer remained stable and the critical unit smoke exhaust rate was 105.8 m3/(h ·m^2), which was higher than the unit smoke exhaust rate of 63.5 m^3/(h·m^2) when there was no outdoor wind. When the outdoor wind ve-locity was 2.5 m/s, the smoke layer start to disorder and the unit smoke exhaust rate of 211.6 m3/(h · m^2) cannot make the smoke retain in the evacuation walk, and only can retard the smoke spread into the antechamber. When the outdoor wind velocity was 4.0 m/s, the smoke layer completely disordered and the mechanical smoke exhaust was ineffective.

关 键 词：机械排烟 排烟效果 高层建筑 疏散走道 火灾烟气 室外风 

分 类 号：X924.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU972.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]