论事例在完善明代典例法律体系中的功能  

The Function of Regulationsin Perfecting the Hui-Dian and Cases Legal System of the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：杨一凡[1] YANG Yifan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第4期107-119,共13页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"明清孤本法律典籍整理与研究"(批准号:16ZDA125)

摘　　要：明初变革传统律令体系,创立了以典为纲、以例和其他法律为目的的新法律体系。正德《明会典》的颁行,标志着明代典例法律体系基本框架的定型。万历重修《会典》,实现了典例法律体系的高度规范和完善。在这一法律体系中,《会典》是整合包括律令在内的祖宗成法、全面规范国家政务和各项基本制度、居于"纲"的地位的"大经大法";"例"为《会典》之"目",是主要和广泛适用的立法形式。明代法律体系始终是按照"典为纲、例为目"的立法思路构建的,长期流传的"律例法体系"说、《明会典》"官修典制史书"说有失偏颇。本文以翔实的史料,揭示了明代洪武年间法律实施"以事例为主"的真相,揭示了洪武朝后百余年间的立法活动"以制定事例为主"的史实,论述了《会典》事例的内容构成和功能,指出事例在明代典例法律体系确立和完善过程中发挥了重大作用。In the early Ming Dynasty,the traditional legal system was reformed and transformed into a new system,which was based on Hui-Dian,and cataloged regulations and other statutes.Hui-Dian was enacted in Emperor Zhengde,which marks that the Hui-Dian and Cases Legal System of the Ming Dynasty s basic framework gradually have taken shape.Emperor Wanli s Hui-Dian has achieved a high degree of standardization and improvement of Hui-Dian and Cases legal system.In this legal system,Hui-Dian is the fundamental statute that integrates the statutes and decrees and comprehensively regulates state affairs and basic systems.Regulations are the catalogues of Hui-Dian and the widely applicable form of legislation.The Hui-Dian and Regulations Legal system always regarded Hui-Dian as its basis and regulation and directory.The popular system of statutes and regulation theory commonly recognized that Hui-Dian has the nature of the administrative code,but none of them was accurate.This paper reveals the truth that Emperor Hongwu gave priority to regulations in legal practice,and the legislation for the next hundred years that gave priority to regulation-making.Also,this paper also discusses the content and function of Hui-Dian and regulations.It points out that the regulation had played an important role in the establishment and improvement of the legal system.

关 键 词：明代 事例 法律体系 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]