管窥二战前日本的国史研究流派——以《日本近代史学事始》为线索  

The School of National History Studies in Japan before World War Ⅱ: A Case Study on The Beginning of Modern Japanese History

作　　者：张艳茹[1,2] Zhang Yanru

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史理论研究所 [2]邮编:100012

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2019年第2期72-84,159,共14页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：《日本近代史学事始》是大久保利谦的回顾录。该书多处提及大正至昭和初期以东京帝大国史科为代表的学院派及部分民间史家的国史研究。国史科内长期存在两大派系:辻善之助一派在研究方法及治史态度上承袭了重野安绎等人的实证主义,专注于史料;黑板胜美派在古文书学中也遵循实证原则,追求研究方法的科学性,但他同时强调史学的政治功用,其国体论反映了国史科内的国学—神道思想潜流。昭和初期,国史科内的平泉澄和羽仁五郎等青年学者批判纯实证研究及不涉及政治的史观。平泉将以国体论为理论基础的皇国史观发展到极端,而羽仁五郎则坚持唯物史观。二人是当时国粹主义和马克思主义两大思潮影响下的史学研究的代表。民间史家尾佐竹猛、德富苏峰在研究领域、资料收集方面和学院派形成一定互补,但不同史观决定了他们史学叙事的差异。这些研究流派在研究关注点、研究方法及潜在历史意识上的差异,反映了近代日本史学的研究状况及时代氛围。The Beginning of Modern Japanese History is ōkubo Toshiaki s memoir. This article uses the book as a case study to analyze the research focus, methods and latent historical consciousness of the academic circle affiliated with the Department of Japanese History at the Imperial Tokyo University in the 1930s. During the period, the Department of Japanese History included two factions. The Tsuji Zennosuke faction inherited the positivism of Shigeno Yasutsugu in research methods and attitudes toward history, focusing on the study of ancient religious history and cultural history. The other group, represented by Kuroita Katsumi, also followed positivism in the study of paleography, pursuing the scientific nature of research methods. However, Kuroita emphasized the political function of historiography. His Kokutai (national body) Theory is a reflection of the Kokugaku (National Studies) Movement in promotion of the Shinto thought in Department of Japanese History. Young scholars such as Hiraizumi Kiyoshi and Hani Goro in the Department during the Showa era criticized pure empirical research and historical views for their detachment from politics. Hiraizumi developed Kokoku Shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) based on Kokutai Theory, while Hani Goro adhered to historical materialism. Hiraizumi and Hani are representatives of the influences of the two major trends of nationalism and Marxism on historical studies. Amateur historians such as Osatake Takeki and Tokutomi Soho had complemented professional studies with their efforts in research areas, data collection, and historical conception. Their divergences indicate the atmosphere and state of the development of modern Japanese historiography of the time.

关 键 词：日本史学史 日本国史研究 大久保利谦 学院派 民间史家 

分 类 号：K093.13[历史地理—历史学]