影响海捕三疣梭子蟹暂养育肥成活率低的关键因子研究  

Study on the Key Factors Affecting the Low Survival Rate of Wild-Caught Portunus trituberculatus during the Temporary Rearing and Fatting Period

作　　者：郑宽宽 许文军 施慧 汪玮 谢建军 王庚申 何杰 ZHENG Kuan-kuan;XU Wen-jun;SHI Hui(Marine and Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Marine Fisheries Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021;Key Laboratory of Marine Culture and Enhancementof Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学海洋与渔业研究所浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江舟山316021 [2]浙江省海水增养殖重点实验室,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第1期1-7,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University：Natural Science

基　　金：浙江省科技厅院所专项(2017F10019);舟山市科技计划项目(2018C31078);浙江海洋大学博士启动基金(22135010815);浙江省海洋水产研究所科技计划项目(2019F304)

摘　　要：成活率低已成为制约海捕三疣梭子蟹暂养育肥产业稳定、持续发展的重要因素。本研究在前期调查基础上,开展了影响海捕三疣梭子蟹暂养育肥成活率低的关键因子研究,结果发现:(1)来源于不同捕捞作业方式的海捕三疣梭子蟹的成活率不同,其中来自蟹笼捕获的蟹暂养育肥成活率最高,流网和拖网捕获的成活率较低,但三组间差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)来源于不同作业渔区的海捕三疣梭子蟹的成活率不同,相比之下,离暂养区越近的渔区的海捕三疣梭子蟹的暂养育肥成活率越高;(3)捕捞作业分拣过程中造成的敲打损伤和肢体残缺均严重影响了海捕三疣梭子蟹暂养育肥的成活率,遭受敲打损伤组的成活率显著高于未受敲打损伤组(P<0.05),蟹体肢体残缺数越多,暂养育肥成活率越低,断肢数超过2条的成活率显著低于肢体完整组(P<0.05),其中断肢数超过5条的成活率仅有2%左右;(4)运输过程中经受不同挤压程度(无挤压、轻度挤压、中度挤压、较重度挤压和重度挤压)和不同干露时间(0 h、0.5 h、1 h、1.5 h和2 h)下海捕三疣梭子蟹的成活率均相差无几(P>0.05);(5)暂养密度越高,成活率越低,但不同密度组(2 kg·m^(-2)、3 kg·m^(-2)、4 kg·m^(-2)、5 kg·m^(-2))的整体成活率差异不显著(P>0.05);(6)暂养期间的病害严重影响了海捕三疣梭子蟹的成活率,病害发生组的成活率显著低于病害未发生组(P<0.05);(7)不同性腺发育成熟度的海捕三疣梭子蟹的暂养育肥成活率之间也表现出显著差异(P<0.05),淡膏蟹和红膏蟹的成活率显著高于无膏蟹(P<0.05)。整体上,捕捞分拣过程中造成的敲打损伤、肢体残缺、暂养期间的病害以及蟹体本身的性腺发育程度均是影响海捕三疣梭子蟹暂养育肥成活率的关键因素。The low survival rate has been becoming an important factor restricting the stable and sustained development of the wild-caught Portunus trituberculatus temporary rearing and fattening industry. Based on previous investigations, we carried out the study on the key factors affecting the survival rate of the wild-caught P. trituberculatus. The results were as follows:(1) The survival rates of the wild-caught P. trituberculatus from different fishing operations were different, and the survival rate of the P. trituberculatus from crab cages was the highest and the survival rate of the P. trituberculatus from drift net and single trawl were low, while the differences between the three groups were not significant(P>0.05);(2) The survival rates of the wild-caught P. trituberculatus from different fishing areas were different. By comparison, the more close to the temporary rearing and fattening area, the higher survival rate of the wild-caught P. trituberculatus;(3) The temporary rearing and fattening survival rate of the wild-caught P. trituberculatus was seriously affected by the knocked damage and the limb disability in the harvesting process. The survival rate of the knocked damage group was significantly higher than that of the non-knocked damage group(P<0.05), and the more the number of limb disability, the lower survival rate of the wild-caught P. trituberculatus, of which more than 2 limbs were broken, the survival rate was significantly lower than that of intact group (P<0.05) and more than 5 limbs were broken survival rate is only about 2%;(4) The survival rates of the wild-caught P. trituberculatus under different extrusion levels(no extrusion, light extrusion, mild extrusion, moderate extrusion, and severe extrusion) and different exposure time(0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h and 2 h) were not significant(P>0.05);(5) The higher temporary rearing and fattening density, the lower the survival rate, but the whole survival rates of different density groups(2 kg·m^-2, 3 kg·m^-2, 4 kg·m^-2, 5 kg·m^-2) were not significa

关 键 词：海捕 三疣梭子蟹 暂养育肥 成活率 

分 类 号：S968.252[农业科学—水产养殖]