买方势力与资产专用性对中国制药业技术创新影响的实证  

An Empirical Research on the Impacts of Buyer Power and Asset Specificity on Technology Innovation in Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry

作　　者：丁正良 于冠一 DING Zheng-liang;YU Guan-yi

机构地区：[1]东北大学工商管理学院

出　　处：《产经评论》2019年第2期20-37,共18页Industrial Economic Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"消费者偏好背景下买方抗衡势力形成机制及其影响研究"(项目批准号:71172150;负责人:李凯);国家自然科学基金项目"抗衡势力背景下产业链纵向控制机理研究"(项目批准号:71472032;负责人:李凯);国家自然科学基金项目"企业纵向控制策略的识别;机理及效应的实证研究"(项目编号:71873026;负责人:李凯)

摘　　要：我国即将逐步推行的药品集中采购计划,会减少对仿制药的依赖,意味着对制药企业的技术创新具有正向刺激作用。这一影响在制药业横向市场和纵向市场上会有所不同。从制药业的纵向市场关系视角出发,基于2001-2016年我国制药业和医疗行业数据,利用面板数据模型和面板负二项模型实证分析资产专用性和产业链下游买方势力对中国制药业技术创新的影响。结果表明:买方卖方势力分别以地区医院总数、制药企业总数作为代理变量时,买方势力降低上游制药业创新投入与创新产出,不利于其创新能力的实现;资产专用性和市场需求增长率对上游制药业技术创新具有负效应;政府规制、人均GDP和销售利润率均促进其技术创新。买方势力较大,上游制药业具有与下游相抗衡的势力时有利于企业创新行为,不拥有抗衡势力时不利于创新行为;买方势力较小,上游制药业相对等的较小市场势力更能够增强企业创新投入与创新绩效,较大的市场势力反而不利于企业创新激励,即上下游行业之间较为对等的市场势力更能够促进创新行为的实现。以地区医院总数衡量买方势力、制药业年销售收入和年度工业总产值衡量卖方势力进行模型扩展时,也证明上述结论的稳健性。建议进一步完善医药分离模式,打破医院在药品采购和药品销售的"双重垄断",以更有力地促进制药企业创新投入与产出,同时缓解医患关系紧张状况。The centralized drug procurement plan gradually implemented in China will reduce the dependence on generic drugs and have a positive impact on the technological innovation of pharmaceutical enterprises.The impacts are different in the horizontal and vertical markets of the pharmaceutical industry.From the perspective of vertical market relationship in pharmaceutical industry,based on the data of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and medical industry in 2001-2016 in China,panel data model and panel negative binomial regression models are used to explore the effect of buyer power and asset specificity on innovation input and innovation output in Chinese pharmaceutical industry.The empirical results show that when the power of buyer and seller are measured by the total number of regional hospitals and pharmaceutical enterprises respectively,buyer power depresses innovation input and innovation output of upstream pharmaceutical industry.Buyer power is not good for realization of upstream firm's innovation ability.Asset specificity and growth rate of market demand have negative effects on upstream technology innovation.Government regulation,per capita GDP and sales profit rate will enhance technology innovation.When buyer power is larger,and the upstream pharmaceutical industry also has some market power,buyer power is beneficial to the innovation.Otherwise,it is not beneficial to the innovation.When buyer power is small,and upstream pharmaceutical firms have small market power,buyer power strengthens the innovation input and innovation performance of the enterprises.The equivalent market power between the upstream and downstream industries will promote more innovation behavior.When buyer power is measured by the total number of regional hospitals,seller power is measured by annual sales revenue and annual gross industrial output value of pharmaceutical industry,the above results are robust.

关 键 词：买方势力 卖方抗衡势力 制药业 技术创新 市场结构 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]