背鳍缺失对胭脂鱼幼鱼游泳能力与反捕食能力的影响  

Effects of the dorsal fin loss on swimming ability and anti-predatory ability of juvenile Myxocyprinus asiaticus

作　　者：周龙艳 付世建 付成 凌鸿 李秀明 ZHOU Long-yan;FU Shi-jian;FU Cheng;LING Hong;LI Xiu-ming(Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology,Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学进化生理与行为学实验室重庆市动物生物学重点实验室

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2019年第3期47-51,共5页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31172096);重庆市基础与前沿研究计划项目(cstc2017jcyjAX0347);重庆师范大学基金项目(14XLB001);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS18295)

摘　　要：为考察背鳍缺失对胭脂鱼( Myxocyprinus asiaticus )幼鱼游泳能力和反捕食能力的影响,将胭脂鱼幼鱼( 2.30 g±0.12 g, 4.59 cm±0.09 cm)随机分为对照组和背鳍缺失处理组(剪去背鳍),测定其临界游泳速度( U crit )及相关代谢参数、最大匀加速速度( U cat )、快速启动游泳能力以及捕食者存在条件下的存活率。结果显示:对照组和背鳍缺失组胭脂鱼幼鱼的 U crit 、最大代谢率( MMR)、 U cat 、快速启动过程的最大速度( V max )、最大加速度( A max )以及旋转角度与旋转率均无显著性差异。然而,背鳍缺失组胭脂鱼幼鱼在捕食者存在条件下的存活率显著低于对照组,背鳍缺失对胭脂鱼幼鱼的游泳能力没有明显影响,背鳍的存在可能是胭脂鱼幼鱼针对捕食者口裂限制的反捕食形态适应策略之一。Experimental fishes of Myxocyprinus asiaticus ( 2.30 g±0.12 g, 4.59 cm±0.09 cm) were acclimated for three weeks at 25±1°C and randomly divided into control group and dorsal fin amputation group ( cutting off dorsal fin) to investigate the effects of dorsal fin on swimming ability and anti-predation ability of juvenile . Critical swimming speed ( U crit ) and its related metabolic parameters, constant acceleration speed ( U cat ), fast-start escape ability and survival rate in the presence of predators were measured. The U crit , maximum metabolic rate ( MMR), U cat , maximal velocity ( V max ), maximum acceleration ( A max ), turning angle and turning rate were not significantly different between control group and dorsal fin loss group. However, the survival rate in dorsal fin loss group was significantly lower than that in control group. The results indicated that the absence of dorsal fins had no significant effect on swimming ability of juvenile M. asiaticus . The existence of dorsal fins may be one of the anti-predation morphological adaptation strategies for juvenile M. asiaticus to against the limitation of oral fissure for predator.

关 键 词：胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus) 背鳍 游泳能力 存活率 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]