2018年汛期黄河水沙调度实践  

Practice of the Water and Sediment Regulation of the Yellow River During Flood Season in 2018

作　　者：魏军[1] 任伟[1] 杨会颖 孔纯胜 WEI Jun;REN Wei;YANG Huiying;KONG Chunsheng(Flood Control Office,YRCC, Zhengzhou 450003, China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会防汛办公室,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2019年第5期1-4,8,共5页Yellow River

摘　　要：2018年汛期黄河流域暴雨过程频繁,中雨以上降水过程出现21次,上游出现3次编号洪水,洪水水量大、持续时间长,中下游干流也发生较长时间大流量过程。面对洪水,黄河上中游水库进行联合防洪调度和水沙调控,充分发挥拦洪削峰错峰作用,合理利用水库河道排沙输沙,取得了显著的防洪减灾减淤成效和洪水资源利用效果。对2018年汛期雨水情、洪水调度、水库河道冲淤和调度效果等进行了分析,取得的主要认识有:①扎实准备、超前部署、精准预报、科学决策、团结协作,为本次防汛提供了保证;②水沙调控理论和实践得到了丰富和发展,首次实现了全河层面的水沙联合调控;③黄河水沙调控体系亟待完善,建议加快黄河中游古贤水库上马步伐,实现黄河水沙资源综合利用,确保黄河防洪安全。Rainstorms were frequent in the Yellow River basin during the flood season in 2018, with 21 precipitation processes above moderate rain and 3 numbered flood processes at the upstream and the flood water volume was large and lasted for a long time. The middle and lower reaches of the main stream also had long flood duration and large discharge process. Faced with the flood, the flood control of the upper and middle reservoirs of the Yellow River and watersediment regulation were operated, which gave full play to the role of flood detention, peak cutting and peak shifting, and sediment was discharged and transported with the rational use of the reservoirs and channel. The rainfall condition, water regime, flood regulation, scouring and silting of the reservoirs and channel, and the effect of regulation in the flood season of 2018 were analyzed, and the main understandings obtained are as follows: a) full preparation, advanced deployment, accurate prediction, scientific decisionmaking and unity and cooperation provide guarantee for this flood control;b) the theory and practice of water and sediment regulation have been enriched and developed, and the joint regulation of water and sediment at the whole river level has been realized for the first time and;c) the regulation system of water and sediment in the Yellow River needs to be improved urgently. It is suggested that the Guxian Reservoir should be constructed as soon as possible to perfect the regulation and control system of water and sediment in the middle reaches, which contributes to the comprehensive utilization of water and sediment resources and ensure the safety of flood control of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：实践 水沙调度 汛期 黄河 2018年 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1