一次回收双顶柱和间柱爆破技术及实践  

The blasting technology and practice of one-time recovery of double top pillars and columns

作　　者：柴衡山 张晨洁[1] 刘涛[1,2] 张亭 严文炳[1] CHAI Hengshan;ZHANG Chenjie;LIU Tao;ZHANG Ting;YAN Wenbing(Northwest Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Baiyin 730900,China;School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]西北矿冶研究院,甘肃白银730900 [2]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国矿业》2019年第5期104-108,共5页China Mining Magazine

摘　　要：根据空场法的布置特点,一般情况下,矿柱的矿量约占到矿块矿量的30%,合理高效回收矿柱,对资源回收和矿山经济效益有显著影响。以东升庙铅锌矿850m中段矿柱群为研究对象,通过分析矿柱群分布和现场实际情况,最终确定间隔抽采的整体回收方案。通过比较分析,确定16号矿柱为首采矿柱,采用中深孔、深孔联合爆破技术,一次回收16号矿柱及两侧顶柱,采用微差爆破技术,间柱利用两侧空区为自由面先起爆,顶柱利用下部空区为自由面后起爆,由于顶柱面积大,采用分区微差爆破技术,形成多临空面立体分区控制爆破技术,充分利用原有空区,形成多向组合、不同爆破孔径的微差爆破技术。对回收指标进行统计计算,贫化率和损失率均控制在30%以下,一次回收矿量87 509t。The pillars account for 30% of the ore content of the mine house in empty field mining method.Reasonably and efficiently recovering the ore pillars has a significant impact on resource recovery and mine economic benefits.Taking the 850 m middle pillar group of Dongshengmiao lead-zinc mine as the research object,the overall recovery plan for interval extraction is finally determined by analyzing the distribution of the pillar group and the actual situation on the site.Through the comparative analysis,it is determined that No.16 pillar is the first mining pillar,and the medium-deep hole and deep-hole combined blasting technology are adopted.The No.16 pillar and the top pillars on both sides are recovered at one time.The millisecond blasting technology is adopted.The free surface detonates first,and the top column uses the lower free area to initiate the detonation.Due to the large area of the top column,a partitioned millisecond blasting technique is used to form a multi-faceted open-space three-dimensional controlled blasting technique,making full use of the existing empty areas and forming multiple differential blasting technologies for combination and different blast apertures.Statistical calculations are performed on the recovery indicators.Both the depletion rate and the loss rate are controlled at 30%,and the amount of once-recovery ore is 87 509 t.

关 键 词：矿柱回收 微差爆破 立体分区 控制爆破 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]