清代成都平原的场镇及其社区——以简州镇子场为例  

Market Towns and Their Communities on Chengdu Plain in the Qing Dynasty: With Zhenzichang in Jian Prefecture as an Example

作　　者：郭广辉[1] GUO Guang-hui(Department of History, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510275, China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系,广州510275

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第3期162-176,共15页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目"‘湖广填四川’移民墓葬碑刻文献数据库建设及其乡村社会研究"(项目编号:17ZDA188;主持人:西南政法大学梁勇教授)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：20世纪60年代,美国人类学家施坚雅提出"基层市场社区"概念,在学界产生重要影响。这一概念的缘起,与他试图确定成都平原的社区单位密切相关,但"基层市场社区"得以成立的条件与成都平原的实际情形并不相符,所以成都平原的社区单位及其形成机制仍是一个需要重新探讨的问题。本文尝试从场镇中社会组织入手分析场镇与社会的关系,根据设立时间和社会组织构成差异,清代成都平原的场镇可分为"前期场镇"和"后期场镇"两种类型,场镇中社会组织的设立和作用与官府的行用制度、移民社会、村落散居、精英群体的参与等多重因素密切关联,通过简要分析简州镇子场上会馆、祠庙、书院、寺观等社会组织的历程及其意义,可知在18世纪末19世纪初成都平原形成了近300个以"前期场镇"为中心的"场镇社区"。In the 1960s, the American anthropologist G. William Skinner proposed the concept of “basic market community”, which had an important influence in the academic circle. The origin of this concept is closely related to his attempt to determine the community units in the Chengdu Plain, but the conditions for the establishment of the “base market community” are not consistent with the actual situation in the Chengdu Plain. Therefore, the community units in Chengdu Plain and its formation mechanism need to be revisited. This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between the town and the society in terms of social organization in the town. According to the difference in establishment time and the difference of social organization, the towns in Chengdu Plain in the Qing Dynasty can be divided into two types:“early-stage town” and “late stage town”. The establishment and function of social organizations in the towns are closely related to the government’s employment system, immigration society, village diaspora, and the participation of elite groups. Through a brief analysis of the history and significance of social organization, such as the guild hall, ancestral halls, academies and temples, in Jianzhou Prefecture, it can be seen that in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Chengdu Plain formed nearly 300 “market-town communities ” centered on the “early-sale town”.

关 键 词：清代 成都平原 场镇社区 施坚雅 简州镇子场 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]