石川河流域土壤侵蚀时空变化研究  

Research on Spatio-temporal Changes of Soil Erosion in Shichuan River Watershed

作　　者：杨波 王玉杰 陈亚安 YANG Bo

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院资源环境与历史文化学院,陕西咸阳712000 [2]西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院,陕西西安7100542 [3]西安儿童医院,陕西西安710003

出　　处：《地理空间信息》2019年第5期19-22,I0002,共5页Geospatial Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51239009);陕西省优势学科建设资助项目(历史地理:0602);咸阳师范学院大学生创新资助项目(2015058);教育部社科青年基金资助项目(19YJCZH212)

摘　　要：为了研究黄土高原南部植被覆盖较高地区在退耕还林后的土壤侵蚀变化特征,利用RUSLE模型,结合GIS、RS技术,定量估算了2000～2013年石川河流域的土壤侵蚀量,分析了不同植被覆盖条件和不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀时空变化特征。结果表明:①土壤侵蚀等级与降雨侵蚀力、地貌和土地利用类型关系密切;②土地利用类型变化显著,耕地所占比重由51.44%减少到48.37%,草地所占比重由24.51%减少到12.48%,林地所占比重由19.45%增加到33.20%;③土壤侵蚀模数由退耕还林初期(2000年)的1 473.7 t/(km^2·a)减少到2013年的806.12 t/(km^2·a),总侵蚀量减少到217.91×10~4 t。土地利用类型的水土保持效益从大到小分别为林地、草地和耕地,说明还林还草工程后石川河流域土壤侵蚀呈总量减少、侵蚀强度降低的趋势,还林还草工程取得了水土保持效益。石川河流域的土壤侵蚀强度可以代表相似水热条件地区的土壤侵蚀情况,相同纬度地区的土壤侵蚀还有进一步下降的空间。In order to explore the erosion changes in high vegetation cover region in the Loess Plateau, taking Shichuan River watershed as the study area, we used RUSLE model in conjunction with RS and GIS to estimate the soil erosion modulus from 2000 to 2013, and analyzed the spatio-temporal change characteristics of soil erosion under different vegetation cover conditions and different land use types. The results show that ①soil erosion intensity is closely related to the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity, topography and land use pattern.②The land use types change obviously in the watershed after Green for Grain Project. The area of forest land increased from 19.45% to 33.20%, while the grassland decreased from 24.51% to 12.48%, the cultivated land decreased from 51.44% to 48.37%.③The soil erosion modulus decreased from 1 473.7 t/(km2·a) to 806.12 t/(km2·a). The descending order of soil erosion intensity in different land use is forestland, grassland and cultivated land. So Green for Grain Project has already obtained obvious benefit of water and soil conservation. The soil erosion intensity of Shichuan River watershed can stand for the similar rainfall and topography area, and the soil loss similar region has still has room for further reduction.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 RUSLE模型 GIS 石川河流域 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]