2017年上半年北京市及周边地区空气质量特征分析  

Analysis of Air Quality During the First Half of 2017 in Beijing and the Surrounding Region

作　　者：张良 王占山[2] 朱桂艳 谷天宇 王旭光 崔继宪[4] ZHANG Liang;WANG Zhanshan;ZHU Guiyan;GU Tianyu;WANG Xuguang;CUI Jixian(Hebei Province Environmental Emergency and Heavy Pollution Weather Forewarning Centre,Shijiazhuang 050037,China;Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100048 ,China;Langfang Environmental Monitoring Centre,Langfang 065000,China;College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省环境应急与重污染天气预警中心,河北石家庄050037 [2]北京市环境保护监测中心,北京100048 [3]廊坊市环境监测站,河北廊坊065000 [4]北京工业大学环境与能源学院,北京100124

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2019年第2期53-58,共6页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(2016000021733G168);国家青年自然科学基金资助项目(41705112);大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目重污染天气联合应对技术平台(DQGG0303)

摘　　要：依托北京市、廊坊市和保定市高密度的地面空气质量监测、气象要素监测以及PM_(2.5)化学组分监测和后向轨迹分析等手段,对2017年上半年三地的空气质量进行分析。研究发现:三地中北京市空气质量较好,保定市较差。分污染物来看,保定市SO_2浓度水平明显高于廊坊市和北京市,颗粒物PM10和PM_(2.5)也呈现保定市最高、北京市最低的规律。从污染物日变化来看,CO、SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)呈双峰型分布,O_3呈单峰型分布。从区域整体分布规律来看,PM_(2.5)和SO_2呈现明显的"南高北低"特征。PM_(2.5)化学组分分析结果表明:1—4月燃煤对该区域空气质量的影响较大,5—6月机动车排放的影响更为凸显。后向轨迹分析结果表明:在2017年上半年到达北京市的气流中有24%来自于北京市南部,且这些气流多为低空传输,表明区域传输对于北京市空气质量具有一定的影响。This study analyzed the air quality of Beijing,Langfang and Baoding in the first half of 2017 based on the backward trajectory analysis and high-density monitoring data of air pollutant,meteorological elements and chemical composition of PM2.5. The results showed that the air quality of Beijing was the best among these three cities,while that of Baoding was the worst. The monthly average concentration of SO2 in Baoding was significantly higher,while the spatial distribution of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations was similar to SO2 concentrations. From the perspective of the diurnal variation,CO,SO2,NO2,PM10 and PM2.5 showed a bimodal distribution pattern while O3 had a single-peak distribution pattern. From the perspective of spatial distribution,PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations were both higher in the south part and lower in the north part. The analysis of PM2.5 chemical composition showed that coal burning significantly influenced the air quality in this region from January to April,while vehicle emissions had more significant impacts on the air quality from May to June. The results of backward trajectory analysis showed that 24% air masses into Beijing came from the south of Beijing in the first half of 2017,most of which were transmitted at the low altitude and could easily transport air pollutants into Beijing. These results showed that the regional transmission had some effects on the air quality of Beijing.

关 键 词：北京市及周边 PM2.5 时间变化 空间特征 后向轨迹 

分 类 号：X823[环境科学与工程—环境工程]