太极运动对老年人认知功能影响的随访研究  

Effects of Tai Chi exercise on the cognitive function of senior individuals: A 4-year follow-up study

作　　者：宋美[1] 许顺江[1] 王岚[1] 于鲁璐[1] 赵晓川[1] 高媛媛[1] 王学义[1] Song Mei;Xu Shunjiang;Wang Lan;Yu Lulu;Zhao Xiaochuan;Gao Yuanyuan;Wang Xueyi(Mental Health Department, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience iMboratory , Shijiazhuang 050031, China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学第一医院精神卫生科河北医科大学精神卫生研究所河北省脑老化与认知神经科学实验室,石家庄050031

出　　处：《神经疾病与精神卫生》2019年第2期143-147,共5页Journal of Neuroscience and Mental Health

基　　金：河北省科学技术研究发展计划(09276103D);河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划(20150195).

摘　　要：目的观察太极运动对老年人的认知功能的长期影响。方法对太极组老年人(n=94)及不参加运动的对照组老年人(n=61)进行基线认知功能的评估,包括简易智力状况检查(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、言语流畅性、数字符号、临摹、连线、图片描述、复述、联想学习、情境记忆、相似性和算数,4年后再次进行随访评估,比较两组老年人自身前后认知功能差异,并比较4年后两组老年人认知功能变化的差异。结果两组基线时仅MMSE总分差异有统计学意义[(28.21±2.04)分、(27.09±2.17)分,t=2.485,P=0.014]。与自身基线相比,太极组和对照组在复述错误数上差异无统计学意义,对照组4年后大部分认知功能领域有一定程度下降(P<0.05)。采用认知功能得分差值比较两组老年人随访前后认知功能下降情况,发现太极组老年人在MMSE[1(0,2)分、2(0,3)分,Z=-2.719,P=0.007]、MoCA[1(0,4)分、4(3,6)分,Z=-5.697,P<0.001]、连线测验[6(0,13)、11(2,24),Z=-2.359,P=0.018]、情境记忆[0.5(0,1.5)分、1(0.5,2)分,Z=-2.292,P=0.022]和相似性[1(0,2)分、2(0,4)分,Z=-2.678,P=0.007]的减分低于对照组。结论太极运动对延缓老年人认知功能下降优于对照组老年人。长期太极运动有利于老年人的认知功能的保持。Methods The Tai Chi group( n=94) and the control group( n=61) were assessed at baseline for participants' cognitive function with the measures of Mini-Mental State Examination( MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment( MoCA), verbal fluency, digit symbol, copy, trail making test, picture description, repetition, associative learning, episodic memory, similarity and calculation. Four years later, a follow-up assessment was conducted. We assessed the cognitive function of the participants in each group to conduct inter-person comparisons before and after 4 years, and to compare the differences of cognitive function change between the two groups. Results At baseline, the only significant difference between the two groups was the total score of the baseline MMSE[(28.21±2.04) vs.( 27.09±2.17),t=2.485, P=0.014]. Compared with the baseline, the cognitive function of the control group declined in most dimensions after 4 years( P<0.05) except the repetition score. Similarly, there was no significant decline in the repetition score of Tai Chi group. We used each group's score change before and after 4 years in different cognitive function dimensions to compare the cognitive function decline in the two groups. We found that, compared to the control group, there was a narrower score change in the Tai Chi group in terms of MMSE[ 1(0,2) vs. 2(0,3),Z=2.719,P=0.007], MoCA[(1 0,4) vs. 4(3,6),Z=-5.697,P< 0.001], trail making test[ 6(0,13) vs. 11(2,24),Z=-2.359,P=0.018], episodic memory[ 0.5(0,1.5) vs. 1(0.5,2),Z=-2.292,P=0.022] and similarity[ 1(0,2) vs. 2(0,4),Z=-2.678,P=0.007]. Conclusions Tai Chi has a positive effect on slowing cognitive function decline in senior individuals. Longterm Tai Chi exercise may be beneficial to the retention of cognitive function in the senior population.

关 键 词：老年人 认知功能 太极 随访研究 

分 类 号：R651[医药卫生—外科学]