马槟榔叶片炭疽病的分离鉴定及其生物学特性分析  

Pathogen Identification and Analysis on the Biological Characteristics of Anthracanose on Capparis masaikai

作　　者：王亚荣 陈春莲 蔡泽坪 吴繁花 于旭东 Wang Yarong;Chen Chunlian;Cai Zeping;Wu Fanhua;Yu Xudong(College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,570100)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海口570100

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2019年第8期2660-2666,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：海南大学科研启动基金项目(kyqd1620)资助

摘　　要：炭疽病是马槟榔(Capparis masaikai Levl.)的重要病害之一,但其病原未见相关报道。本研究从人工驯化栽培的马槟榔病叶上分离纯化得到2株真菌,分别编为1号和2号。通过性状培养、形态学观察进行鉴定,确定1号和2号病原菌为炭疽病原菌(Anthrax)。对炭疽菌的生物学特性进行研究。结果表明:1号和2号病原菌在C-PDA平板上生长和产孢最好;菌丝生长温度在25℃～30℃之间,最适合的温度为25℃,低于5℃和高于40℃则不能生长。菌丝生长的最佳pH值为8,光照促进产孢而黑暗有抑制作用;该病原菌能有效利用多种氮源,可高效利用牛肉膏和酵母膏;适合生长的碳源亦有多种,利用效果最好的是麦芽糖;观察该病原菌的生长情况可以得出:碳源促进菌丝生长,菌落呈白色,而氮源促进孢子的形成,有机氮优于无机氮。在野外考察和人工引种驯化栽培试验过程中,发现马槟榔炭疽病病害严重,影响植株健康生长明显。因此,加强研究马槟榔病害的症状特点、病原菌鉴定及生物学特性等,是其引种驯化和规模化种植的前提和基础。Anthrax is one of the most importa nt diseases of Capparis masaikai, but its pathogen has not been reported. In this study, 2 fungi were isolated from the leaves of Capparis masaikai which was domesticated and cultivated. They are numbered 1 and 2. It was identified by character culture and morphological observation. We identified pathogenic germ No.1 and No.2 as anthrax pathogens and studied the biological characteristics of anthrax. The results showed that: the growth of spores 1 and 2 on C-PDA plates is the best;the mycelial growth temperature was between 25℃~30℃, the most suitable temperature is 25℃, which can not grow below 5℃ or above 40℃. The suitable growth of mycelia pH was 8. Light can promote spores, while darkness can inhibit them.The pathogen can effectively utilize a variety of nitrogen sources and it can make use of beef paste and yeast extract efficiently. There are also many kinds of carbon sources suitable for growth, and the best utilization is maltose. We observed the growth of the pathogen, find that the carbon source promoted mycelial growth and the colony was white, nitrogen sources promoted spore formation, and organic nitrogen was better than inorganic nitrogen. During the field investigation, artificial introduction and domestication experiments, it was found that the anthracnose disease of Capparis masaikai was serious and affected the healthy growth of the plant obviously.Therefore, it is the precondition and foundation of introduction, domestication and large-scale cultivation to study the symptoms, pathogen identification and biological characteristics of Capparis masaikai disease.

关 键 词：马槟榔(Capparis masaikai) 炭疽病 分离鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]