直流微电机电刷与换向器早期接触失效的常见原因  

Common Causes of Contact Failure Between Brush and Commutator of DC Micromotors

作　　者：杨贤军 王勇[2] 徐永红 章应 刘安利 何毅 王昌全 YANG Xian-jun;WANG Yong;XU Yong-hong;ZHANG Ying;LIU An-li;HE Yi;WANG Chang-quan(Chongqing Chuanyi Metallic Functional Materials Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400702, China;Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司金属功能材料分公司,重庆400702 [2]重庆大学,重庆400045

出　　处：《微特电机》2019年第5期68-71,75,共5页Small & Special Electrical Machines

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用示范专项产业类重点研发项目(cstc2018jszx-cyzdX0090)

摘　　要：直流微电机在预期寿命前发生的早期失效常常表现为电刷和换向器的接触失效。对大量具体的失效案例进行了归纳总结,发现常见原因有:严重的电弧侵蚀、严重的机械磨损和环境介质的污染。深入分析表明,压敏电阻的选择、电机的装配质量、换向器加工过程和电机使用或储存环境等方面的缺陷乃是造成接触失效的根源,而电刷和换向器自身的内在质量并无明显作用。The early failure of the DC micromotors, which happens before the expected life, appears as the contact fail-ure between the brush and commutator usually. Based on the analyzing results of a large number of failure cases, some common causes have been summarized, which are serious arc erosion, serious mechanical wear and contamination of the environmental media. As revealed by further investigation, such contact failures usually have nothing to do with the metal-lurgical quality of brush and commutator. Instead, the defects on the choice of voltage dependent resistor, assembly quality of micromotor, machining process of commutator and the application or storage environment of micromotor are the essential factors of the contact failures between brush and commutator.

关 键 词：直流微电机 电刷 换向器 接触失效 电弧侵蚀 磨损 污染 

分 类 号：TM381[电气工程—电机] TM307.1