凋落物类型及覆盖厚度对杉木幼苗出土与早期生长的影响  

Effects of litter type and amount on seedling emergence and early growth of Chinese fir

作　　者：赵冲 王正宁[1,2] 蔡一冰 张涛 王昌辉 王大洋 郭思 刘博[1,2] ZHAO Chong;WANG Zhengning;CAI Yibing;ZHANG Tao;WANG Changhui;WANG Dayang;GUO Si;LIU Bo(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院 [2]国家林业局杉木工程技术研究中心,福建福州350002

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第3期350-358,共9页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31570448;31670714)

摘　　要：以南方主要造林树种杉木为研究对象,通过室内模拟试验研究凋落物不同覆盖厚度(0、200、400和800 g·m^(-2))和类型(针叶杉木和阔叶木荷)对杉木幼苗出土及早期生长的影响.结果表明:凋落物覆盖厚度和类型显著影响出苗率和幼苗存活率.两类型凋落物的浅层(200 g·m^(-2))覆盖对出苗率均有促进作用,但深层(800 g·m^(-2))覆盖对出苗率和存活率则表现出抑制作用.相同覆盖厚度下,覆盖阔叶凋落物的出苗率和存活率均大于覆盖针叶凋落物.覆盖浅层针叶凋落物下的幼苗根生物量、叶生物量和总生物量均达到最大,深层覆盖下则最小.覆盖中层(400 g·m^(-2))阔叶凋落物下的幼苗根生物量、茎生物量、叶生物量和总生物量均达到最大.随着针叶和阔叶凋落物覆盖厚度的增加,杉木幼苗的根生物量比及根冠比逐渐减小,而茎生物量比逐渐增加.研究表明,凋落物覆盖对幼苗出土和早期生长的影响与凋落物类型密切相关,阔叶凋落物对幼苗出土和早期生长可产生正影响(浅层和中层覆盖)和无影响(深层覆盖),而针叶凋落物覆盖可产生无影响(浅层覆盖)和负影响(深层覆盖),两种凋落物对幼苗出土影响的抑制作用均大于对早期生长的影响.We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine the effect of litter type(needle and broadleaf litter)and litter amount(0,200,400,and 800 g·m^-2)on Chinese fir seedling emergence and early growth.The results showed that litter amount and type significantly affected seedling emergence and survival rate.Low(200 g·m^-2)litter cover slightly improved seedling emergence while high(800 g·m^-2)litter cover significantly inhibited seedling emergence and survival rate for both litter types.The emergence and survival rate under broadleaf litter were higher than those under needle litter.Seedling root mass,leaf mass,and total mass were highest under shallow litter and lowest under deep litter cover for needle litter.Root mass,stem mass,leaf mass and total mass were highest under medium litter cover for broadleaf litter.As litter amount increased,root-mass ratio and root-shoot ratio of seedlings decreased and stem-mass ratio increased for both litter types.The effect of litter amount on seedling emergence and growth was highly dependent on litter type,namely broadleaf litter had significantly positive(low to medium coverage)or neutral effect(high coverage)on seedling emergence and early growth,while needle litter had neutral(low)and negative effect(high)on seedling emergence and early growth.The inhihition effect of litter was greater on seedling emergence than early growth.

关 键 词：天然更新 针叶人工林 生物量 促进作用 抑制作用 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]