数字货币的匿名性研究  

A Survey on Anonymity of Digital Currency

作　　者：付烁 徐海霞 李佩丽[1,2,3] 马添军 FU Shuo;XU Hai-Xia;LI Pei-Li;MA Tian-Jun(State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093;Data Assurance and Communication Security Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093;School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院信息工程研究所信息安全国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院数据与通信保护研究教育中心,北京100093 [3]中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院,北京100049

出　　处：《计算机学报》2019年第5期1045-1062,共18页Chinese Journal of Computers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0802500)资助~~

摘　　要：随着现代化信息技术的发展,数字货币已经被越来越多的人接受和认可.目前主流的数字货币在提供便捷性、不可伪造等安全性的同时,还存在不同程度的匿名性问题.一方面,数字货币应该有效保护用户的隐私;另一方面,提供匿名性的数字货币不能成为不法分子的犯罪工具.本文综述了数字货币匿名性的研究现状.首先,介绍数字货币的产生与分类,指出私人数字货币按发展历程可以分为中心化和去中心化数字货币两种;之后,本文按照数字货币的类型,阐述典型的数字货币方案,并对其安全性进行了对比和分析,重点研究了当前数字货币方案匿名性的特点和问题.最后,本文介绍了法定数字货币,定义法定数字货币的匿名性,从法定数字货币角度探讨现阶段数字货币技术的实用性并对数字货币匿名性的未来研究方向进行了展望.With the development of modern information technology, digital currency has been accepted by more and more people. Digital currency makes it easier to transfer funds directly between two parties in a transaction without the need of a trusted third party such as a bank or a credit card company;these transfers are facilitated through the use of public keys and private keys for security purposes. Digital currency provides a more convenient payment method, it can reduce the high cost of traditional banknotes issuance and circulation, improve the transparency of economic transactions, and reduce illegal and criminal activities such as money laundering and tax evasion. The popular digital currencies are Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ripple, etc. There are currently thousands of digital currencies in the world. The mainstream digital currency can provide convenience, unforgeability, unchangeable and other security. However, these digital currencies still have problems in privacy protection. Privacy protection includes the anonymous of the user and the confidentiality of the transaction content. On the one hand, the anonymity of digital currency should effectively protect users’ privacy, for the user may not want other users know which transaction belongs to him or want to keep the transaction content especially the amount private;on the other hand, an anonymous digital currency should not be a tool for criminals, for the criminal may use the privacy protection method to protect his identity and illegal behavior. There is a lot of research work on the privacy protection of digital currency, such as Zerocoin, Zerocash, Monero etc. They provide varying degrees of privacy. This paper summarizes the research status of the private digital currency. Firstly, we introduce the generation and classification of digital currency, and point out that private digital currency is divided into two types: centralized digital currency and decentralized digital currency. Centralized digital currency has the existence of a trusted center (such as a

关 键 词：数字货币 匿名性 假名性 不可链接性 区块链 法定数字货币 

分 类 号：TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]