2种生活垃圾资源化处理技术的环境影响分析——基于生命周期评价法  

Environmental Impact Analysis of Two Kinds of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Technologies: Based on Life Cycle Assessment Method

作　　者：梁镇江 袁剑刚 张伟 林晓霞 车婷婷 杨中艺 Liang Zhenjiang;Yuan Jiangang;Zhang Wei;Lin Xiaoxia;Che Tingting;Yang Zhongyi(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Plant Resources,School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510275;Guangdong Sanxin Energy Environmental Protection Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou Guangdong 510620)

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院广东省热带亚热带植物资源重点实验室,广东广州510275 [2]广东三新能源环保有限公司,广东广州510620

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2019年第2期8-14,共7页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：广东省林业厅生态公益林项目研究(33000-42090421)

摘　　要：为寻求较优的生活垃圾资源化处理途径,利用生命周期评价法,对焚烧发电和一种基于自动分选系统的新型资源化方法——全组分资源化处理技术的主要大气污染物排放特征进行分析。结果表明:相较于全组分资源化,垃圾焚烧发电会产生大量PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、HCl、Cd、Hg、Pb和二恶英类(PCDD/DFs)等污染物排放;全组分资源化的CO_2排放当量为55.86 kg/t,仅为焚烧发电的21.63%;全组分资源化的NO_x和SO_2的排放量(0.59、0.58 kg/)t接近焚烧发电(0.61、0.69 kg/)t,但恶臭气体NH_3和H_2S的排放量(0.09、0.15 kg/)t高于焚烧发电(0.01、1.08×10^(-4)kg/)t;全组分资源化的总环境影响潜值为6.89×10^(-14)PET2000,仅为焚烧发电(5.00×10^(-13)PET200)0的13.78%;全组分资源化产生的环境影响类型为全球变暖、酸化、光化学臭氧合成和富营养化,而焚烧发电除这4种以外还会产生人体毒性和粉尘。此外,全组分资源化具有较低投入、较高产出的特点。因此,鉴于我国生活垃圾资源化的特征,全组分资源化处理技术对于中小型城市将具有重要意义。In order to optimize the methods of MSW disposal, life cycle assessment(LCA) was applied to evaluate the major air pollutants emission status of WtE and a new technology based on automatic sorting system, namely, all-components resource recovery technology(AcRR). The results showed that WtE generated a large amount of pollutants compared with AcRR, such as PM10, PM2.5, HCl, Cd, Hg, Pb and PCDD/DFs;The total CO2 emission equivalent of AcRR was 55.86 kg/t, which was only 21.63% of that of WtE;The emission of NOx and SO2 from AcRR (0.59, 0.68 kg/t) was slightly lower than that from WtE (0.61, 0.69 kg/t), but the emission of NH3 and H2S (0.09, 0.15 kg/t) was higher than that from WtE(0.01, 1.08×10^-4 kg/t);The total environmental impact potential of AcRR was 6.89×10^-14 PET2000, which was only 13.78% of WtE (5.00×10^-13 PET2000);Global warming, acidification, photochemical ozone synthesis and eutrophication were the main environmental effects types of AcRR, while WtE had two more impacts which was human toxicity and dust expect the above four types. What’s more, AcRR had the characteristics of lower input and higher output. Therefore, in view of characteristics of MSW disposal in China, AcRR will be of great significance to small and medium-sized cities.

关 键 词：生活垃圾处理 生命周期评价法 垃圾焚烧发电 全组分资源化处理技术 环境影响分析 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X799.3