高寒草甸植被特征与土壤全效养分对放牧与高原鼠兔扰动的响应  

Responses of alpine meadow vegetation characteristics and soil total nutrient to the disturbance of grazing and Ochotona curzoniae

作　　者：孙华方 赵之重[1] 金立群[1] 李希来[1,2] 李清德 SUN Huafang;ZHAO Zhizhong;JIN Liqun;LI Xilai;LI Qingde(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Province Tibetan Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Minhe County,Minhe 810800,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省民和县农牧局,青海民和810800

出　　处：《青海大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第2期1-8,共8页Journal of Qinghai University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501903);青海省科学技术厅项目(2017-HZ-802);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R62);高等学校学科创新引智计划(D18013)

摘　　要：为了解高寒草甸植被特征与土壤全效养分含量对不同干扰(家畜、高原鼠兔)的响应,选择青海省玛沁县高寒草甸放牧+高原鼠兔干扰区、高原鼠兔干扰区、无干扰区(对照区),分析植被特征与土壤全效养分的动态变化。结果发现:不同干扰区植被群落特征变化显著,随干扰的发生,草地物种多样性指数显著下降(P<0.05),说明在没有干扰的情况下植物物种间表现出较强的竞争性。对照区分别与不同干扰区总盖度、禾本科植物盖度、杂类草盖度差异不显著(P>0.05),但多样性指数和莎草科植物盖度差异显著(P<0.05);同时,对照区与不同干扰区之间的生物土壤结皮盖度差异显著(P<0.05),生物土壤结皮对干扰表现出较高的敏感性。对照区植物丰富度、密度和高度最大,放牧与高原鼠兔干扰显著降低了植物丰富度、密度与高度(P<0.05)。对照区土壤全效养分含量很低,且与放牧+高原鼠兔干扰区土壤全氮、全磷含量差异显著(P<0.05)。放牧与高原鼠兔干扰降低了植被和生物土壤结皮盖度,但对土壤全效养分有积累作用。In order to understand the response of the vegetation characteristics and soil total nutrients of alpine meadow to different disturbances(Livestock,Ochotona curzoniae),the grazing and Ochotona curzoniae disturbance,Ochotona curzoniae disturbance and undisturbed(CK) of degraded alpine meadow were selected to analyze the vegetation dynamic and soil total nutrients in Maqin County of Qinghai province. The vegetation changed greatly in different treatments. With the disturbance,the species diversity index of grass land decreased significantly(P<0.05),indicating strong interspecies competition without disturbance. There was no significant difference in total coverage,Gramineae and forb coverage between the control area and different disturbance areas(P>0.05). The variation trend of diversity index and coverage of Cyperaceaea was significant difference(P<0.05).The coverage of biological soil crusts was significantly different between the control and different disturbance treatments(P<0.05),indicating biological soil crusts were sensitive to disturbance. The richness,density and height of plant in the CK were the highest,and these three indicators decreased significantly because of grazing and Ochotona curzoniae disturbance(P<0.05). The content of soil total nutrient was low in CK. The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly different between grazing and Ochotona curzoniae disturbance and CK(P<0.05). Grazing and the disturbance of Ochotona curzoniae reduced the coverage of vegetation and biological soil crust,but accumulated soil total nutrients.

关 键 词：放牧 高原鼠兔干扰 植被特征 土壤全效养分 生物土壤结皮 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]