《美墨加协定》对中墨经贸关系的影响及中国的对策  

Impact of the USMCA on China-Mexico Economic and Trade Relations and China’s Countermeasures

作　　者：宋利芳[1,2] 武睆 Song Lifang;Wu Huan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院 [2]中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2019年第2期57-79,156,共24页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：墨西哥是中国在拉美的重要经贸合作伙伴。与《北美自由贸易协定》相比,《美墨加协定》提高了对汽车和纺织品的原产地要求,协定规则涉及领域广且标准高,并加强了对非市场经济国家的歧视性约束。《美墨加协定》一旦生效实施,将对中墨经贸关系发展产生不利影响:将会抑制中国对墨汽车和纺织品出口贸易,并影响中国的全球价值链分工;宽领域和高标准规则将会约束中墨自贸协定的谈判和签订;强化了墨西哥对中国非市场经济地位的定位,从而阻碍中墨经贸合作的深入发展。在《美墨加协定》背景下,为了促进中墨经贸关系的进一步发展,中国应采取五项对策:合理规避协定对原产地的高要求,拓宽中墨经贸合作的领域和方式;加强对中国企业在墨西哥直接投资的引导,保障中国投资企业合法权益;借鉴《美墨加协定》的宽领域和高标准规则,努力提高中国自贸协定水平;尽早启动中国—墨西哥自由贸易协定谈判;深化国有企业改革和促进公平竞争,争取墨西哥早日承认中国的市场经济地位。Mexico is an important economic and trade partner of China in Latin America.The main contents that the USMCA may affect China - Mexico economic and trade relations include:the USMCA enhances the requirements for the origin of automobiles and textiles;the USMCA rules cover a wide range of fields with high standards;and the USMCA strengthens discriminatory restrictions on non - market economy countries.By analyzing the USMCA text and current China - Mexico economic and trade relations,it can be argued that the impact of the USMCA on the development of China - Mexico economic and trade relations is mainly negative:the USMCA will inhibit China ’ s export of automobiles and textiles to Mexico,and hinder China ’ s participation in global value chain;the USMCA ’ s wide range of coverage and high standard rules will restrict the negotiation of FTA between China and Mexico;the USMCA strengthens Mexico ’ s determination of China ’ s non - market economy status,which will hinder further development of China - Mexico economic and trade cooperation.To cope with this,China should adopt the following countermeasures:reasonably circumvent the USMCA ’ s high origin requirements and broaden China - Mexico economic and trade cooperation;strengthen the guidance for Chinese enterprises’ direct investment in Mexico and protect the legitimate rights of Chinese enterprises;learn from the USMCA ’ s high standard rules to improve China ’ s FTA level;start negotiations on China - Mexico FTA as soon as possible while deepen the reform of state - owned enterprises and promote fair competition in domestic market,and seek Mexico ’ s recognition of China ’ s market economy status.

关 键 词：《美墨加协定》 自由贸易协定 中墨经贸关系原产地规则 非市场经济 

分 类 号：F744[经济管理—国际贸易]