区域渔业管理组织的异议审查机制——南太平洋区域渔业管理组织两起捕鱼配额异议案述评  

Review Mechanisms of Objections in RFMOs: Comments on Two Cases of Objections to SPRFMO’s Allocations of Fish Resources

作　　者：林兆然 Lin Zhaoran

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2019年第3期43-63,共21页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“南海断续线的法理与历史依据研究”(批准号:14ZDB165)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：海洋生物的养护与管理措施是区域渔业管理组织管理公海渔业最重要的法律手段,而确定鱼类的总捕捞量并在国家间分配则是其核心问题。然而,国家可以通过提出异议来避免受养护与管理措施的约束。如何设计合理的异议处理机制是所有区域渔业组织面临的难题。本文聚焦异议审查这一独特的制度设计,对目前仅有的两个相关案例--关于南太平洋区域渔业管理组织对渔业配额的两个异议案进行评析,从这两个异议案的处理中梳理区域渔业管理组织关于配额分配的法律争议,分析审查专家组的立场和未解决的问题,并论述该组织的两次审查实践的意义及影响。Conservation and management measures of living marine resources are the most important binding tools for regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) to conduct high sea fisheries governance,of which setting and allocating Total Allowable Catch (TAC) is the core issue.However,states can generally raise objections to avoid being subject to these measures.It is always a difficult question how to design a mechanism to deal with these objections for all RFMOs.This paper focuses on a special reviewing mechanism for objections,and makes some observations on the only two cases of this kind,which happened within the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization (SPRFMO) regarding allocations of fish resources.Through the two cases of objection reviewing,this paper further attempts to look into the legal disputes of fishery allocations among RFMOs,to find out the standpoints of the Review Panels and their unsettled issues,and finally assess the value and impact of the reviews.

关 键 词：南太平洋区域渔业管理组织 养护与管理措施 渔业捕捞配额 异议审查制度 争端解决 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]