政策危机传播的结构化考察和成因分析——以2011-2017年网上争议性政策传播为研究路径  

A Structural Investigation and Cause Analysis on Policy Crisis Communication based Online Controversial Policy Cases 2011-2017

作　　者：张淑华[1] 王佳林[2] Zhang Shuhua;Wang Jialin

机构地区：[1]郑州大学新闻与传播学院 [2]郑州大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2019年第5期41-58,127,共19页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新媒体时代政策传播的路径和效能研究”(项目批准号:13BXW026)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：网民的政策传播参与对公共政策具有“检视”作用,会影响政策传播的效果甚至可能滋生危机。该研究以2011-2017年间共342个争议性政策议题为对象,结构化考察了网络媒体中公民参与对政策传播的影响和效果,并集中讨论政策危机成因。发现争议性政策议题主要集中于社会保障、交通、住房、教育、环保与法治等民生领域。其中,全国性议题争议长期、温和,区域性议题则短瞬、激烈;媒体与公众在争议中居于相对强势和主导地位;利益诉求、情绪表达、参与权的满足等是参与争议的主要动机;争议结果体现了公众政策介入所具有的强干预性,缺少民意和调研支持、决策主观随意的政策多数被废止、搁置或被迫修改。总体上看,政策危机的深层成因并不指向传播,而主要指涉政策质量和决策水平,但适宜的传播策略有助于防范、化解危机和改善政策环境。Netizens participating policy communication have a “viewing” effect on public policies, which influences the effect of policy dissemination and may breed crisis. This paper selects 342 controversial policy events in the seven years from 2011 to 2017 as the research object. It conducts a structural investigation on the impact of citizen participation on the effect of policy communication and focuses on the causes of policy crisis. The main research findings are: Controversial policy issues mainly focus on social security, transportation, housing, education, environmental protection, the rule of law, and other areas close to people s livelihood. As for the intensity of controversy, national issues are long-term and moderate, but regional issues are short-lived and fierce. Media and the public are relatively strong among the leading forces of controversy. From the process perspective, policy promulgation is the usual starting point of policy disputes. Interests, emotional expression, and satisfaction of participation rights are the main motives for participating in disputes. The controversial results reflect the strong intervention of public policy interference, as well as a lack of support from public opinion and research. Most subjective and arbitrary policies in decision-making are abolished, shelved or forced to be modified. In summary, the main cause of policy crises is not communication, but mainly policy quality and policy-making ability. Appropriate communication strategies can nevertheless help prevent or resolve such crises and improve policy environment.

关 键 词：争议性政策 传播 危机 结构 网络舆论 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学] G206[政治法律—中外政治制度]