甘南草原高原鼠兔食性及其季节性变化  

Food habits and its seasonal changes of plateau pika (Ochotona curzniae) in Gannan meadow

作　　者：康宇坤 张德罡[1,2] 缑晶毅 王海芳[2] 杨莹博 苏军虎[1,2] KANG Yu-kun;ZHANG De-gang;GOU Jing-yi;WANG Hai-fang;YANG Ying-bo;SU Jun-hu(College of Grassland Science,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem(Ministry of Education),Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学-新西兰梅西大学草地生物多样性研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2019年第2期132-138,共7页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460566;31760706);甘肃省教育厅科研项目(2015A-073);甘肃省杰出青年基金项目(1606RJDA314);中国博士后科研资助项目(2016T90958;2015M572614)

摘　　要：【目的】分析甘南高寒草甸草原高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzniae)的食性及其季节性变化,为其管理防控提供参考.【方法】分别于高原鼠兔越冬前(2014年9月)和繁殖前(2015年5月)在甘南藏族自治州碌曲县尕海、尕秀等地采集145份粪样,利用显微粪便法分析其不同时期以及不同栖息地的食性与营养生态位差异.【结果】同一地区(尕海),高原鼠兔5月份主要采食5科5属6种植物:蔷薇科(39.03%),禾本科(21.56%),莎草科(19.46%),菊科(17.71%)和龙胆科(11.76%);9月份主要采食6科6属7种植物:蔷薇科(39.64%),莎草科(27.06%),菊科(20.76%),禾本科(17.36%),蓼科(13.19%),豆科(11.53%);同一时期(9月份),尕海地区同上;尕秀地区主要采食4科4属5种植物:菊科(21.77%),莎草科(20.38%),蔷薇科(18.26%),禾本科(12.62%).【结论】高原鼠兔不同时期以及不同栖息地中食性具有显著差异.繁殖前采食的食物种数,多样性以及生态位宽度均大于越冬前,均匀度小于越冬前;尕海地区采食植物的多样性及均匀度都大于尕秀地区.高原鼠兔的食性与植物资源的季节性变化、植物资源的丰富度有关.【Objective】To investigate the food habits of plateau pika(Ochotona curzniae)and its seasonal changes in Gannan meadow,and provide the reference for its management and prevention.【Method】We have collected 145 fecal samples in September 2014(before overwintering)and May 2015(before breeding)in Gahai and Gaxiu,Luqu county,in Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture,and to analysis the difference of food habits and vegetative niche in different periods and areas.【Result】In the same area(Gahai),there are 5 families and 5 genera and 6 species to intake in May,mainly Rosaceae(39.03% ),Gramineae(21.56% ),Cyperaceae(19.46% ),Asteraceae(17.71% ),Gentianaceae(11.76% )and 6 families and 6 genera and 7 species in September,mainly Rosaceae(39.64% ),Cyperaceae(27.06% ),Compositae(20.76% ),Gramineae(17.36% ),Polygonaceae(13.19% )and Leguminosae(11.53% ).In the same period(September),Gahai is the same as the above;there are 4 families and 4 genera and 5 species in Gaxiu:Asteraceae(21.77% ),Cyperaceae(20.38% ),Rosaceae(18.26),Gramineae(12.62% ).【Conclusion】There are significant difference in food habits from different periods and areas.The food species,diversity and niche width is greater before breeding,while the evenness is greater before overwintering;the diversity and evenness is greater in Gahai.The food habits of plateau pika is related to the seasonal changes of plant resource and the richness of plant resource in different areas.

关 键 词：高原鼠兔 食性 粪便显微组织分析 甘南草原 

分 类 号：S449[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]